International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
logo
slider
slider
slider
slider
Bootstrap Slider

Indexed and Abstracted in: Crossref, CAS Abstracts, Publons, Google Scholar, Open J-Gate, ROAD, Indian Citation Index (ICI), ResearchGATE, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat (World's largest network of library content and services)

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 13(20), October, 2021

Pages: 102-106

Date of Publication: 24-Oct-2021


Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

Comparison of Bag and Non-Bag Extraction of Gall Stones through Laparoscopy

Author: Adith Chinnaswami, Prabhu Purushothaman, Naresh Duthaluri, Rekha Arcot

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard surgical procedure of choice for disorders involving the gall bladder and biliary tract. There are several intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with LC of which port site infections(PSI) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The present study was carried out to compare the outcomes with bag and non -bag extraction of gall bladder in terms of the incidence of PSI. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out among 326 adults who underwent LC for two years. The participants were randomized into bag extraction and non-bag extraction groups. Postoperatively, the participants were followed up for one week to evaluate the incidence of PSI. Results: The incidence of PSI among bag extraction was 1.4% compared to 9.1% in the non-bag extraction. The presence of diabetes mellitus, elevated glycosylated haemoglobin and immunocompromised status were proven to be risk factors for PSI. (p< 0.001) Conclusion: Since bag extraction is associated with lower rates of infection, it is advisable to follow bag extraction as a routine procedure in all LC surgeries, especially in high-risk groups like diabetes mellitus and immunocompromised states.

Keywords: Bag extraction, End glove, Gall bladder diseases, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Port site infections, Randomized controlled trial

Full Text:

Introduction

From the time of establishing cholecystectomy as the most preferred treatment option for cholelithiasis, surgical advancements have been on the rise and, for the past few decades, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard surgical procedure of choice for the disorders involving gall bladder and biliary tract. The reliability with LC is significantly higher, due to lower incidences of complications ranging from 1%-6%.1LC has, in recent times, replaced open cholecystectomy to a large extent except in cases of patients not being fit for general anaesthesia, or, in the presence of malignancies and intra-operative complications leading to conversion from laparoscopic procedure to an open procedure. The rates of such conversions have considerably reduced in the past two decades owing to an increase in the expertise of the surgeons, better understanding of the patient selection and improvement in laparoscopic instrumentation. According to studies published by Kaushik R et al. in a single-institution prospective study, the overall conversion rate was found to be 7.06%.2

The complications of LC, all though few in numbers, continue to challenge the surgeons about morbidity and mortality. The intraoperative complications can arise at any point during the surgery, from induction of the patient under general anaesthesia, injury during trocar insertion, respiratory compromise during carbon dioxide insufflation, injury to adjacent structures during dissection, common bile duct injury, trauma to the liver during dissection of the gall bladder, perforation of gall bladder leading to bile leak and spillage of stones during retrieval of the gall bladder. Post-operative complications are usually secondary to intraoperative complications, such as bile leak leading to biliary peritonitis or biliary fistula, spilt stones causing abscess formation. Port site complications such as port-site infections(PSI), port-site hernias and port site metastases have also been reported. According to a review done by Sasmal PK et al., the umbilical PSI is far more common than many other complications, ranging from 8% to 89%.3

Though the complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy have decreased significantly over the past decade, in the quest to provide better patient care and further reduce chances of complications, it is important to be aware of the possible risk factors associated with various complications and how to reduce the chances of any complication associated with the surgery. With this background, the present study was undertaken to compare the post-operative port site wound infections in laparoscopic cholecystectomy between extraction of gall bladder by bag extraction versus non-bag extraction, and also evaluate the risk of PSI with various factors such as diabetes mellitus, Body mass index, hypoalbuminemia and the immuno-compromised status of patients.

Methodology

Study setting and participants

This randomized controlled study was carried out in the Department of General Surgery of our tertiary teaching institution among all the adult patients (aged >18 years) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for two years between January 2018 and December 2019. Patients with empyema of the gall bladder and those who were intraoperatively converted to open cholecystectomy were excluded from the analysis. A total of 326 participants were taken up for the study.

Randomization and blinding

The participants were randomized into either bag extraction or non-bag extraction of gall bladder before surgery.  This was done by the sealed envelope technique.  The study was carried out as a single-blind study.

Procedure

After obtaining informed consent, patients underwent routine preoperative workup and anaesthetic assessment. After adequate optimization, in a controlled setting, patients were taken up for surgery. Extraction of the gall bladder was done through the epigastric port. In non-bag extraction, the gall bladder was directly grasped with a claw and retrieved via the epigastric port. In the bag extraction group, a sterile plastic endo bag was created by cutting a sterilized bag and putting a purse-string suture around the mouth with a Roeder’s knot to tighten it. This bag was introduced through the 10mm port after the resection of the gall bladder from the gall bladder fossa. The gall bladder was manoeuvred into the end bag and mouth closed by tightening the Roeder’s knot. The specimen was then extracted through the epigastric port. Standard antibiotic protocol of three doses of Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporine dose pre-operatively and two doses postoperatively was followed uniformly for all the study participants.

Postoperatively, the port site used for gall bladder extraction was monitored for seven days to check for wound site infection. In case of any signs of an infection (pain, erythema, swelling or discharge), a wound swab was taken and sent for culture. The presence of positive growth on the wound culture was considered as port site infection. Participants were subsequently started on antibiotics for further management.

Data collection

A structured proforma was used to record demographic and other clinical particulars including diabetes mellitus and immunocompromised status of the study participants. Body mass index was measured and documented. The laboratory parameters including glycosylated haemoglobin, serum albumin and serum creatinine were documented. The underlying pathology of the gall bladder or biliary tract was also documented as infective or non-infective.

Data analysis

Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS ver 20 software. The incidence of port-site infections was documented as percentages. The comparison between bag and non-bag extraction was carried out using the chi-square test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Out of the 326 participants that underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 58% of them were female and 42% of the patients were male. In the bag extraction group, 57.1% were female and 42.9% male. In this study 31.6% of the patients were diabetic and 26.4% had an infective pathology In the bag extraction group, 22.9% had infective pathology whereas 77.1% had non-infective pathology. (Table 1)

In the bag extraction group, the mean HbA1C level was 5.9 whereas the same in the non-bag extraction group was 5.6. The bag extraction group showed a mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.24 (SD ± 3.2) while the non-bag extraction group showed a mean of 24.9 (SD ± 4). The mean serum creatinine for the 140 patients in the bag extraction group was 1.1 and the same in the non-bag extraction group was 1.2. (Table 2)

In this study, the overall infection rate among the study participants was 5.82%. Further analysis shows an infection rate of 1.4% in the bag extraction group and 9.1% in the non-bag extraction group. The observed difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) (Table 3)

In non-bag extraction of the gall bladder, 17 out of the 186 patients in this group developed postoperative port-site infections. This showed a 9.1% infective rate as compared to 1.4% in the bag extraction rate. On multi-variate analysis of the parameters, in the patients who developed infections in the non-bag extraction group, presence of diabetes, elevated HbA1C, immunocompromised status and infective pathology were found to have statistically significant differences in the outcomes (p<0.05). (Table 4)

Discussion

Minimal access surgery, especially laparoscopic surgery is now the procedure of choice for gall bladder related pathologies due to its advantage of a smaller incision, shorter recovery time and decreased post-operative pain. The common postoperative complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy include port site hernias, port-site metastases and port site infections.4 However, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of infectious complications post laparoscopic cholecystectomy.5These infections can be attributed to complications such as unretrieved stones and bile spillage.5 In addition, lost gall stones are a significant source of postoperative morbidity.6,7 Slipping of the cystic duct clip or tearing of the gall bladder during retrieval can result in spillage of stones.8,9 Perforation of the gall bladder either during the surgery or during specimen retrieval leads to the spillage of bile. In patients with acute cholecystitis, the gall bladder is friable, thus making it susceptible to tears. In addition, the presence of adhesions also makes dissection more difficult, leading to an increased risk of perforation.5 These complications can be avoided by the use of an endo bag for retrieval of the gall bladder. The conventional method for the removal of the gall bladder is associated with a higher incidence of infection as reflected in the study conducted by Naeem Taj et al., in which 5.28% of patients who underwent extraction without endoglove developed an infection as opposed to 0.20% of patients in whom gall bladder was extracted with an endoglove.5 These results concur with the present study in which 9.1% of patients developed infections with non-bag extraction and 1.4% developed infection with endobag extraction.

The overall mean age of the patients in the study was 48.27(SD ± 14.606). A study conducted by Saud JD et al. showed that the male gender has a slightly increased risk of developing postoperative surgical site infections.10In this study, 58% were females and 42% of males. Studies conducted by Taj MN et al. showed that diabetic patients were at a higher risk of developing post-operative infections.5.In this study, the overall rate of diabetes amongst patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 31.6%. On analyzing the patients who developed infections in the non-bag extraction group, 52.9% of the patients were found to be diabetic (p<0.001). Similar observations were seen with glycosylated haemoglobin (p<0.0005). This is similar to the results reported in the study conducted by Taj MN et al. where 44% of the patients who developed port site infections were diabetic.5 This suggests that bag extraction would be beneficial to patients who are diabetic, by reducing the risk of port-site infections.

In the study done by Taj MN et al., the frequency of infections was more in the patients with infective pathology.5 Infective pathology including empyema of gall bladder and acute cholecystitis accounted for 70% of the patients who developed port site infections.5In this study, patients with an infective pathology constituted 82.4% of the patients who developed port site infections (p<0.0005). This suggests that bagging must be routinely used in cases with an infective pathology to avoid port site infections. In this study, 10.1% of the entire population which underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies were immuno- compromised. On analyzing the patients who developed port-site infections in the non-bag extraction group, 41.2% were found to be immuno-compromised (p<0.002). It may be preferable to carry out bagging as a routine procedure in patients with immunocompromised status to prevent port site infections.

Conclusion

An infection rate of 1.4% on bag extraction as opposed to 9.1% on non-bag extraction shows that the incidence of port-site infections can be reduced by the use of a sterile endo-bag for the extraction of gall bladder following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

While bagging may be considered cumbersome or may marginally increase the operating time, selective bagging must be practised. Diabetes elevated glycosylated haemoglobin levels were also found to be significant factors in causing port site infections.  Thus, bag extraction must be routinely followed in diabetic patients, especially those with high glycosylated haemoglobin levels. Bagging may be routinely followed in patients with retro-positive status, exposure to tuberculosis, having undergone chemotherapy or radiotherapy or having a history of steroid intake.

Acknowledgement:

The authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors/editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

Declaration

Conflict of interest – nil

Source of Funding –nil

Ethical approval –obtained. (REF: CSP-MED/15/OCT/25/51)

References:

  1. Singh K, Ohri A. Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A large series from north India. Indian J Surg. 2006; 68: 205-08.

  2. Kaushik R, Sharma R, Batra R, Yadav TD, Attri AK, Kaushik SP et al. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: An Indian Experience of 1233 Cases. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2002;12(1):21-5.

  3. Sasmal PK, Mishra TS, Rath S, Meher S, Mohapatra D. Port site infection in laparoscopic surgery: A review of its management. World J Clin Cases. 2015; 3(10): 864–871.

  4. Mir IS. Minimal access surgery port-site complications. JK Science. 2003; 10(3): 226 –8

  5. Taj MN, Naeem M, Iqbal Y, Akbar Z. Frequency and prevention of laparoscopic port site infection. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad.2012; 24: 197-199.

  6. Brockmann JG, Kocher T, Senninger NJ, Schurmann GM. Complications due to gall stones lost during LaparosocpicCholecystectomy: An analysis of incidence, clinical course and management. Surg Endosc. 2002;16: 1226 –32

  7. SatheshKumar T, Saklani AP, Vinayagam R, Blackett RL. Spilt gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a review of the literature. Postcard  Med  J 2004; 80: 77–9

  8. Läuffer JM, Krahenbuhl L, Baer HU, Mettler M, Buchler MW. Clinical manifestations of lost gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report with review of the literature. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1997;7:103 –12.

  9. Hackan DJ, Rotstein OD. Host response to laparoscopic surgery: mechanisms and clinical correlates. Can J Surg 1998;41:103 –11

  10. Saud JD, Abu Al-Hail MC. Surgical site infections after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Bas J Surg 2010:1-6.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


RSS feed

Indexed and Abstracted in


Antiplagiarism Policy: IJCRR strongly condemn and discourage practice of plagiarism. All received manuscripts have to pass through "Plagiarism Detection Software" test before Toto Macau forwarding for peer review. We consider "Plagiarism is a crime"

IJCRR Code of Conduct: To achieve a high standard of publication, we adopt Good Publishing Practices (updated in 2022) which are inspired by guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



ABOUT US

International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

Contact

148, IMSR Building, Ayurvedic Layout,
        Near NIT Complex, Sakkardara,
        Nagpur-24, Maharashtra State, India

editor@ijcrr.com

editor.ijcrr@gmail.com


Copyright © 2024 IJCRR. Specialized online journals by ubijournal .Website by Ubitech solutions