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IJCRR - 7(22), November, 2015

Pages: 08-12

Date of Publication: 21-Nov-2015

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A DETAILED STUDY OF SEVERITY OF ANAEMIA AND ITS RELATION WITH THE GENDER OF THE PATIENTS (MALE OR FEMALE PATIENTS) WITH HOOKWORM INFECTION FOUND WHILE DOING ENDOSCOPY

Author: Govindarajalu Ganesan

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Objective: A detailed study was done to know about the severity of anaemia and its relation with the gender of the patients (male or female patients) with hookworm infection found in the duodenum while doing upper gastro intestinal endoscopy in our institute. Methods: A study of 1259 patients who had undergone upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy for a period of 5 years from May 2009 to April 2014 was carried out in our institute in order to find out the severity of anaemia and its relation with the gender of the patients( male or female patients) with hookworm infection found in the duodenum while doing upper gastro intestinal endoscopy in our institute. Results: 1. Out of these 1259 patients, 14 patients found to have hookworms in duodenum while doing upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy were taken into consideration for our study. 2. Out of these 14 patients with hookworms in duodenum, 9 patients had anaemia. Out of these 9 patients with anaemia, 2 patients were found to have severe anaemia,1 patient had moderate anaemia and 6 patients had mild anaemia. Out of these 14 patients with hookworms in duodenum, 5 patients did not have anaemia. 3. Out of these 14 patients, 6 patients were men and 8 patients were women. Most of the male patients with hookworm infection did not have anaemia. But almost all the female patients with hookworm infection had anaemia. The few male patients with anaemia had only mild or moderate anaemia. Severe anaemia occured only in the female patients and did not occur in any male patient. Conclusion: Hence female patients with hookworm infection were more prone for anaemia than the male patients in our study. .

Keywords: Grades of anaemia, Hookworm infection in duodenum, Upper gastro intestinal endoscopy

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Anaemia is commonly reported to occur in hookworm infection(1 to18). But so far detailed study was not done to know about the severity of anaemia and its relation with the gender of the patients (male or female patients) with hookworm infection found in the duodenum while doing upper gastro intestinal endoscopy. Hence a detailed study was done to know about the severity of anaemia and its relation with the gender of the patients (male or female patients) with hookworm infection found in the duodenum while doing upper gastro intestinal endoscopy in our institute.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was conducted in the department of general surgery, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College And Hospital, Puducherry. A study of 1259 patients who had undergone upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy in our institute for a period of 5 years from May 2009 to April 2014 was carried out in order to know about the various grades of anaemia[mild, moderate and severe anaemia] and its relation with the gender of the patients (male or female patients) with hookworm infection found in the duodenum while doing upper gastro intes tinal endoscopy. Anaemia is defined as haemoglobin < 12g/ dl or 12g% in women(19 to 26) and haemoglobin < 13g/dl or13g% in men(25, 26). Mild anaemia is taken as haemoglobin 10to12g/dl or 10to12 g%, moderate anaemia is taken as haemoglobin 7to10g/dl or 7to10g% and severe anaemia is taken as haemoglobin <7g/dl or 7g%(27). The results were found as given below.

RESULTS
1. Out of these 1259 patients, 14 patients found to have hookworms in duodenum while doing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were taken into consideration for our study.

2. Out of these 14 patients with hookworms in duodenum, 2 patients were found to have severe anaemia[haemoglobin 13g/dl or13g% in men and haemoglobin > 12g/dl or 12g% in women]. 3. Out of these 14 patients with hookworms in duodenum,6 patients were men and 8 patients were women. Most of the male patients with hookworm infection did not have anaemia. But almost all the female patients with hookworm infection had anaemia. The few male patients with anaemia had only mild or moderate anaemia. Severe anaemia occured only in the female patients and did not occur in any male patient.

MALE PATIENTS WITHOUT ANAEMIA
1. Out of the 6 male patients with hookworms in duodenum, 4 male patients did not have anaemia. All the 4 patients had haemoglobin >13g/dl or13g%. 2. Hence majority of the male patients with hookworm infection did not have anaemia [67%] . 3. Single hookworm in duodenum seen in the male patient without anaemia[haemoglobin >13g/dl or13g%] is shown in fig1.

MALE PATIENTS WITH ANAEMIA
1. Out of the 6 male patients with hookworms in duodenum, only 2 male patients had anaemia[33%]. 2. One male patient had only mild anaemia [haemoglobin 11.7g%]. 3. The other male patient had moderate anaemia [haemoglobin 8.6g%]. 4. None of the male patients had severe anaemia. 5. Hence male patients with hookworm infection were not much affected by anaemia in our study. 6. Single hookworm in duodenum seen in the male patient with mild anaemia [haemoglobin 11.7g%] is shown in fig 2.

FEMALE PATIENTS WITHOUT ANAEMIA
Out of the 8 female patients with hookworms in duodenum,only one female patient did not have anaemia.

FEMALE PATIENTS WITH ANAEMIA
1. All the remaining 7 female patients with hookworms in duodenum had anaemia. 2. Hence majority of the female patients with hookworm infection had anaemia[87.5%]. 3. 5 female patients with hookworms in duodenum had mild anaemia[haemoglobin 11.7g%, 11.2g%, 11.2g%, 10.4g%, 10g%]. 4. 2 female patients with hookworms in duodenum were found to have severe anaemia [haemoglobin<7g/dl or 7g %]. 5. Hence female patients with hookworm infection were affected much by anaemia in our study.

FEMALE PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ANAEMIA
1. Out of the 14 patients with hookworms in duodenum, only 2 patients had severe anaemia.

2. But both the patients with severe anaemia in our study were female patients. 3. Both the female patients with severe anaemia had very low haemoglobin.

4 One female patient with hookworms in duodenum had only haemoglobin 3.2g%.

5. The other female patient with hookworms in duodenum had only haemoglobin 2.1g%.

6. Severe anaemia occurred only in the female patients and did not occur in any male patient.

7. Multiple hookworms in duodenum seen in the female patient with severe anaemia [haemoglobin 3.2g%] is shown in fig 3.

8. Multiple hookworms in duodenum seen in the female patient with severe anaemia [haemoglobin 2.1g%] is shown in fig 4.

SEVERE ANAEMIA AND GENDER OF THE PATIENTS
Both the patients with hookworms in duodenum with severe anaemia in our study were female patients. The world health organisation has also identified adolescent girls and women of child bearing age as high risk groups regarding the impact of hookworm disease(28).

DISCUSSION
1. Out of the14 patients with hookworms in duodenum taken into consideration for our study, 5 patients with hookworms in duodenum did not have anaemia.

2. But out of the 5 patients with hookworms in duodenum without anaemia ,4 were male patients[80%] and only one was a female patient[20%].

3. Hence many male patients with hookworms in duodenum did not have anaemia in our study.

4. The few male patients with anaemia had only mild or moderate anaemia.

5. Out of the 8 female patients with hookworms in duodenum, 7 female patients had anaemia [87.5%] and only one female patient did not have anaemia[11.5%].

6. Hence many female patients with hookworms in duodenum had anaemia in our study.

7. Severe anaemia also occurred only in the female patients with hookworms in duodenum [haemoglobin 2.1g%, 3.2g%]and did not occur in any male patient with hookworms in duodenum.

8. Hence hookworm infection occured mostly in the female patients and did not affect the male patients considerably in our study.

CONCLUSION
1. Many male patients with hookworms in duodenum did not have anaemia in our study. 2. But many female patients with hookworms in duodenum had anaemia in our study. 3. Severe anaemia also occurred only in the female patients with hookworms in duodenum and did not occur in any male patient with hookworms in duodenum. 4. Hence female patients with hookworm infection were more prone for anaemia than the male patients in our study.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author acknowledges and sincerely thanks the staff nurse Prema for the immense help rendered to the author by her in the endoscopy section in the department of general surgery. The author sincerely thanks the staff nurses Nithya and Shenbaghaprabha who were assisting the author while doing endoscopy. The author acknowledges and sincerely thanks the staff nurse A.K. Selvi for the immense help rendered to the author by her while conducting this work. .The author acknowledges the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The author is also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed. The author is extremely grateful to IJCRR editorial board members and IJCRR team of reviewers who have helped to bring quality to this manuscript.

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A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 09

A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 08

A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 07

A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20

A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR

A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13

A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR

A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR.

A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award

A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award

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