International Journal of Current Research and Review
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IJCRR - 4(19), October, 2012

Pages: 159-164

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EVALUATION OF AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON PRACTICES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AT TEACHING HOSPITAL, AHMEDABAD

Author: Dinesh Rathod, Jagdeep Jadav, Snehal Vaghela

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:In accordance with the rules of Bio Medical Waste (Management and Handling), every hospital generating BMW needs to set up requisite BMW treatment facilities. Inadequate management of biomedical waste can be associated with risks to healthcare workers, patients and communities at large..Hospital infection control committee & team are responsible for monitoring of proper implementation of biomedical waste management rules. The issue is not only related to quality waste management but also to safety of health care workers i.e. universal precautions and immunization. Objectives: To evaluate Biomedical Waste Management practice at tertiary care hospital and to find out the change, if any, in practice of biomedical waste management after training. Method: Cross sectional interventional study conducted at 48 randomly selected Bio Medical Waste Management (BMW) management stations tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad during March 2009 to November 2009. Results: There was considerable gain in availability of personal protective devices (20.84%), reduction of over flown bags (18.75%) and availability of bags (8.33%) after training. Regarding manpower there was increased in staff vaccination (68.75% -77.08%) and awareness about post exposure prophylaxis (12.50%). Not only that there was improvement in use of personal protective devices by servants (39.59%) and reduction of sharp /needle prick injury (8.33%) after training. Conclusion: Conduction of training workshops on BMW management for Hospital staff by Infection Control Committee has shown promising results in practicing BMW management. This study recommends periodic training workshop on BMW to reinforce and update knowledge of hospital staff for proper implementation of BMW Act.

Keywords: biomedical waste, practice, awareness, evaluation.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Biomedical Waste (BMW) is waste generated during diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, or in research activities pertaining thereto, or in the production and testing of biological ,and is contaminated with human fluids.(1) World Health Organization 1999 report (2) on health care waste composition in Asian countries reported that India generates 0.33 million ton biomedical waste per year, mounting to 1-2 kg per day per bed. The BMW, if not attended properly, amounts to hazard not only to the health personnel in the hospital but also to the patients which leads to an increase in per-capita expenditure in health care system. Though 75-80% of wastes generated from hospitals are noninfectious, 20-25% is hazardous. (3) It is a potential health hazard to health workers, public, flora and fauna of the area. (4) The Government of India has enacted the Bio-medical Waste - BMW (Management and Handling) Rules 1998,in July 1998 (5) under which it is mandatory for all hospitals and health care facilities to ensure that the bio-medical waste be handled and managed without any harm to the human health and the environment. Thus safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility. Handling, segregation, mutilation, disinfection, storage, transportation and final disposal are vital steps for safe and scientific management of biomedical waste in any establishment. Biomedical waste should be segregated into containers / bags at the point of generation in accordance with schedule II of Biomedical Waste (management and handling) Rules 1998. The present study was conducted to evaluate Biomedical Waste Management practice at the largest tertiary care hospital (with more than 2000 beds) and to find out the change, if any, in practice of biomedical waste management after training. MATERIAL AND METHOD Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad is one of Asia’s largest tertiary care institute having bed-capacity of more than 2000. There are more than 69 BMW management stations at various sites including wards, Operation Theatres (OTs), Laboratories ( labs ) & Intensive Care Units ( ICUs ). This cross sectional interventional study was carried out at 48 randomly selected stations on 26th & 27th March,2009 with permission from hospital authority. An identical pre- and post-training questionnaire was designed and handed over to the volunteers of National Service Scheme (N.S.S.). The questionnaire was based on the guidelines developed by Government of Gujarat for Bio Medical Waste Management. The N.S.S volunteers were trained to conduct various aspects of the survey. These volunteers visited each ward, Operation theatre (OT), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) & laboratory (lab) that was allotted to them and filled up the requisite details in the pre-training proforma. Hospital had arranged training sessions for nursing staff and servants/sweepers associated with biomedical wastes management and cleanliness work from March-April 2009 onwards. Training included knowledge about all aspects of biomedical waste with power point presentation and demonstration of waste segregation in different begs, preparation of disinfectants, personal protective devices, prophylactive vaccination etc by infection control team. A posttraining study was carried out on 13th and 14th November 2009. The collected information was compiled in Microsoft excel and analyzed with the help of Epi Info software.

Table -1 shows that out of 48 BMW station, 42 (87.5%) had color coded bins and bags placed as per guidelines before training which was 46 (95.83%) after training, means 8.33% gain. Biomedical waste was segregated as per color coding of bag at the place of origin at 40 ( 83.33% ) BMW stations before training which was 45 ( 91.67%) after training meaning 10.42% gain. The over flown bags (more than 3/4th full) were found at 18 (37.5%) BMW stations before training which was 9 (18.75%) after training means 18.75% gain. Sodium hypochlorite solution was prepared as per the guideline at 47 (97.92%) BMW stations after training means 6.25% gain. Before training at 37(77.08%) BMW stations personal protective devices were available as compared to 47(97.92%) BMW stations after training meaning 20.84% gain.

Table -2 shows that out of 48 BMW stations, 26(54.17.5%) were in different wards and 22 (45.83%) were in operation theaters, Intensive Care Units and in Laboratories. Biomedical waste was segregated as per color coding of bag at the place of its origin at 23( 88.46% ) wards BMW stations and 17 (77.27%) O.T./ I.C.U./Lab. BMW Stations before training which was 24(92.31%) for ward BMW stations 21(95.46%) for O.T./I.C.U./ Lab. BMW station after training. Over flown bags was reduced from 9 (34.62%) to 6 (23.08%) BMW stations at wards and 9 (40.91%) to 3 (13.64%) BMW stations at O.T./I.C.U./Lab. after training. Availability of personal protective devices increased from 18 (69.23%) to 25 (96.15%) at ward BMW stations and 19(86.37%) to 22(100%) at O.T./ I.C.U./Lab. BMW Stations after training.

Table-3 shows that out of 48 BMW stations,sharp injury / needle prick within last seven days were reported in 6 (12.5%) BMW stations before training which was reported at 2 (4.17%) BMW stations after training means 8.33% gain.The utilization of personal protective devices in staff nurses and servants were 45 (93.75%) and 23 (47.91%) respectively before training which was 45 (93.75%) and 42 (87.5%) in same health professionals after training meaning 39.59% gain in servants after training. Hepatitis B vaccination in staff nurses was completed in 15 (31.25%) BMW stations before training which was rose to 48 (100%) after training means 68.75%gain.The same figure in servants were 8 (16.67%) before training and 45 (93.75%) after training mean 77.08% gain.

Table-4 shows that utilization of personal protective devices in servants has increased more at wards than at O.T./I.C.U./Lab after training, from 10(38.46%) to 23(88.46%) at ward BMW stations and from 13(59.09%) to 19(86.36%) at O.T./I.C.U./Lab BMW stations. Similarly servant vaccination was completed from 2(7.69%) to 23(88.46%) at wards BMW stations and 6(27.27%) to 22(100%) at O.T./I.C.U./Lab BMW stations.

DISCUSSION
Public hospitals in developing countries have sanitary inspectors and other staff for biomedical waste management, but due to lack of periodic training, waste management is not up to the mark. The results of this interventional study highlighted that the practice of BMW management was satisfactory at most of the BMW stations which is in agreement with the study of Yadavannavar et al (6). In our study segregation of waste improved from 83% to 93% at BMW stations after training. Shahida Rasheed et al (7) in her study reported that only 25% hospitals were segregating waste at source. In our study, over flown bags were reduced to 18.7% from 37.5% at BMW stations after training. This may be due to eagerness of the staff to follow what they have learnt from the training. Needle and syringe cutters were present at 95% of BMW stations. Mathew et al (8) reported 59% availability of needle and syringe cutters in his study. Rao(9) reported 70% of the healthcare facilities used a needle cutter/destroyer for sharps management. This is an issue of material management. In our study sharp / needle prick injury was reduced from 12.5% to 4.17% after training. Sharma S. (10) in her study reported that 10.00% waste handlers suffered with injury/puncture/ infection in the past six months but no one reported to higher authorities. Practices of BMW management were stricter at operation theatres, I.C.U. and laboratories in compared to wards. Saini S. et al (11) also reported similar finding and attributed it to strict instructions by authorities and fear for punitive actions. It was observed that fear coupled with awareness about the risk could be responsible for positive attitude of staff located at these places. There was considerable gain in availability of personal protective devices (20.84%),reduction of over flown bags (18.75%) and availability of bags (8.33%) after training, Ideally BMW items should be included in the essential stock items in the Hospital and provided on demand immediately without loss of time. Regarding manpower, there was increased in staff vaccination(68.75% - 77.08%) and awareness about post exposure prophylaxis (12.50%). Not only that there was improvement in use of personal protective devices by servants (39.59%) and reduction of sharp /needle prick injury (8.33%) after training. Sharma S. in her study reported that 41.43% of waste handlers/sweepers were aware of the risk involved in bio-medical waste handling, none received any special training on this topic. When health care providers are specifically protected against tetanus, hepatitis-B etc by vaccination coupled risk reduction by utilization of personal protection devices, hospitals will become good heaven for them.

CONCULSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Most of the BMW stations were compliant to the BMW management guidelines to a satisfactory level. Conduction of training workshops on BMW management for hospital staff by Infection Control Committee has shown promising results in practicing BMW management. The level of Hepatitis B vaccination amongst the nursing staff and class IV servants has also improved drastically. This study recommends periodic training workshop on BMW to reinforce and update knowledge of hospital employees on the subject and motivate them to comply with the rules and guidelines regarding BMW management. Ideally it should be the part of induction training for each novice. For old hands, this should be carried out periodically before or after the completion of their shift without affecting hospital work. Regular supervision by hospital administrators and members of Infection control committee coupled feedback (positive or negative) can help in proper implementation of BMW Act.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank the Superintendent of Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad and the Dean of B. J. Medical College, Ahmadabad for providing necessary guidance and support to conduct and complete this study. Thanks are also due to the volunteers of National Services Scheme (N.S.S.) unit for their help. The authors would also like to extend gratitude towards the nursing staff, servants and other hospital staff for having been helpful in the study. Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in reference of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to authors/editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

1. Das SK, Sushant P, Jayaram K : A TQM approach to implementation of handling and management of hospital waste in Tata Main Hospital;Issued by Hospital Waste Manamgement Committee,T.M.H.2001;11- 12(1-2): 75-78.)

2. WHO factsheet No-253, waste from health care activities, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 253/en

3. Pruss A, Circouit E, Rushbrook P : Safe management of waste from health care activities; WHO 1999; pp. 2

4. Hem Chandra : Hospital Waste – An environmental hazard and its management. Newsletter ISEB 1999; 5 (3)

5. Notification on Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998; The Gazette of India, published by Authority, New Delhi; July 1998)

6. Yadavannavar MC, Berad AS, Jagirdar PB. Biomedical waste management: A study of knowledge, attitude, and practices in a tertiary health care institution in Bijapur. Indian J Community Med 2010;35:170-1

7. Shahida Rasheed, Saira Iqbal, Lubna A. Baig, Kehkashan Mufti; Hospital Waste Management in theTeaching Hospitals of Karachi.JPMA 55:192;2005.

8. Savan Sara Mathew, A. I. Benjamin, Paramita Sengupta; Assessment of biomedical waste management practices in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Ludhiana . h e a l t h l i n e,2(2) : 28-30

9. Rao P.H.: Hospital Waste Management System- A case study of a south India city.Waste Magag Res.May 26(2009) http://Pubmed .com

10. Shalini Sharma; Awareness about BioMedical Waste Management among Health Care Personnel of Some Important Medical Centers in Agra. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 1(3) : 251-55

11. Saini S., Nagrajan S.S.,Sharma R.K; Knowdelge,attitude and practices of biomedical waste management amongst staff of a tertiary level hospital in India. 17(2): 1-12

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One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
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A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
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A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
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A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
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A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
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A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
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A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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