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IJCRR - 6(12), June, 2014

Pages: 12-18

Date of Publication: 23-Jun-2014

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INTER CORRELATION STUDIES AMONG YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES GROWN IN HARYANA, INDIA (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

Author: Sumit Chhibber, Divya Jain

Category: General Sciences

Abstract:The attainment of maximum crop yield is an important objective in most breeding programmes. Grain yield is a complex trait influenced by a number of yield contributing traits. Information on the association of morpho-agronomic traits with grain yield forms a basis for any successful breeding programme. The present study was conducted to estimate the inter-relationships and interdependence between grain yield and its contributing as well as influencing traits by computing coefficients of simple, partial and multiple correlations analysis for the currently cultivated three bread wheat genotypes in Haryana, namely, HD 2932, HD 2967 and HD 2851.The varieties were evaluated for the traits-shoot height, tiller numbers, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, vegetative dry matter content, reproductive dry matter content, biological yield and harvest index. The results revealed that the grain yield depicts significant positive correlation with shoot height, tiller number, vegetative dry matter content, and reproductive dry matter content and biological yield. Based on the results, it is reasonable to assume that high yield of wheat plants in these genotypes could be obtained by selecting breeding materials with high tiller number, reproductive dry matter content and biological yield.

Keywords: Triticumaestivum L., correlations, grain yield, biological yield.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Wheat, (Triticumaestivum L.), an allohexaploid belongs to the family Poaceae. It is accorded a premier place among cereals because of the vast acreage devoted to its cultivation, high nutritive value and its association with some of the earliest and most important civilizations of the world. Wheat is the second most important staple food after rice in India grown on about 29.8 million hectares and generally provides about 50% of the calories and protein requirement to a vast majority of the Indian population.The production of wheat in the country has increased significantly from 75.81 million MT in 2006-07 to an all time record high of 94.88 million MT in 2011-12 [1]. Currently, India is second largest producer of wheat in the world. To meet the demand of rising population, the major efforts of wheat breeders have been directed towards improving its grain yield. Grain yield is a quantitatively inherited character highly influenced by environmental factors and exhibits a profound genotype-environment interaction [2],[3]. Therefore, direct improvement of yield has not been possible through traditional breeding techniques. Instead traits affecting and influencing yield have been identified and selection has been exerted on those characters which show a close association with grain yield. Yield contributing traits can be identified through morphological and molecular markers [4],[5]. Morphological characters whichcontribute towards grain yield of wheat crop include characters like plant height, leaf area, spike length, number of spikelets/spike, iller number and 1000-grain weight [2], [6], [7]. An estimate of this inter-relationship and interdependence between yield and its contributing as well as its influencing traits is important for effective utilization of the genetic stock [2], [8], [9] and [10]. The correlation coefficient analysis is useful in the identification of the characters that are positively correlated with yield [11], [12], [13],[14].The quantification and interpretation of these correlations can result in mistakes on selection strategies, since a high correlation can be the result of a third trait or a group of traits affecting these traits. In this scenario, partial and multiple correlations are the tools available to the plant breeder for better understanding the causes involved in associations between traits [15],[16]. Therefore, an attempt was undertaken to estimate correlations existing between grain yield, its components and other metric traits in three bread wheat genotypes grown in Haryana, India namely,HD 2932, HD 2967 and HD 2851. The information could be used to define the suitable criteria for further yield improvement in these varieties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The experimental plot was designed at a private farm in village Galoli, district Yamuna Nagar, Haryana in 2012-2013 main cropping season. Certified seeds of three varieties commonly grown in Haryana, namely, HD 2932, HD 2967 and HD 2851 were sown in a randomized block design having three replications in the first week of November. Each replication had one row of 5 metre length of each one of genotype. Row to row distance was maintained roughly 18-20 cm and plant to plant distance was kept approximately 6cm. Recommended agronomic practices were applied to the experimental material throughout the growing period. Data of randomly selected 10 plants per replication of the three varieties currently cultivated in India, namely, HD 2851, HD 2932 and HD 2967was recorded for the traits shoot height, effective tiller numbers, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, vegetative dry matter content weight, reproductive dry matter content weight and biological yield.The data obtained was subjected to coefficients of simple, partial and multiple correlations analysis according to the method proposed by Falconer [8],[17].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The three wheat varieties HD 2851, HD 2932 and HD 2967 present an interesting aspect of the existence of positive and significant correlation among various metric traits in these varieties [Table 1]. Grain yield is positively correlated with shoot height, tiller number, vegetative dry matter content, and reproductive dry matter content and biological yield. Positive correlation of grain yield with shoot height has been reported by other workers [18],[19],[20],[21],[22],[23]. Similarly, positive correlation with tiller number has also been reported in different wheat genotype [6],[10],[15],[24]. Vegetative dry matter content and reproductive dry matter content are positively correlated with tiller number, grain yield and biological yield. Both these traits have insignificant negative correlation with plant height. Biological yield is positively correlated with tiller number, grain yield, and vegetative dry matter content and reproductive dry matter content. Positive correlation between biological yield and grain yield suggest that grain yield can be increased by increasing biological yield as it would help to accumulate more photosynthates to developing grain. This result concurs with the findings of many investigators [25], [26], [27], [28],[29],[30]. Correlation between 1000 grain weight and grain yield is insignificant.Insignificant correlation between grain weight and grain yield has been reported in other bread wheat varieties [31],[32], [33]. Partial correlation also indicates that significant and positive correlation retains between grain yield and shoot height and insignificant correlation persists between grain yield and grain weight even when the influence of various metric traits studied are partialled out one by one [Table 2]. Likewise the correlation between grain yield and vegetative dry matter content; and grain yield and biological yield stays significant and positive when the influence of shoot height, tiller number and grain weight are partialled out one by one [Table 3]. Significant correlation exists between grain yield and tiller number when the influence of shoot height, grain weight and vegetative dry matter content is partialled out. Keeping grain yield as the dependent variable and other traits shoot height, tiller number, grain weight, vegetative dry matter content, reproductive dry matter content and biological yield as the independent variable, the coefficient of multiple correlation values are high, positive and significant[Table 3]. This indicates a high dependence of the variance in grain yield over the variances in the above mentioned traits. However, the correlation between grain yield and tiller number is insignificant in association with trait grain weight [Table III]. Thus, these traits appear to have low contribution to the variance in grain yield. The positive correlation between grain yield and shoot height clearly indicate that increase in grain yield will be accompanied by increase in shoot height.The increase in shoot height is not useful as the partitioning of the resources may lose balance and tilt towards shoot height increments [25],[33]. The positive correlation of grain yield with vegetative dry matter content and biological yield supports this contention. This contention is further supported by the existence of positive correlation among vegetative dry matter content, reproductive dry matter content and biological yield in the three wheat varieties. Partial correlations and multiple correlations also indicate strong dependence of grain yield over shoot height, tiller number, vegetative dry matter content and biological yield. Vegetative dry matter content and biological yield being exponential components of shoot height and negatively correlated with shoot height, therefore, the correlation studies in HD 2851, HD 2932 and HD 2967 for various metric traits indicate that the increase in grain yield is possible in these varieties through breeding for an increase in effective tiller numbers of wheat genotypes, high reproductive dry matter content, vegetative dry matter content and biological yield.

CONCLUSION

Based on the correlation studies, it is recommended that the increase in grain yield in HD 2851, HD 2932 and HD 2967 is possible through breeding for an increase in effective tiller numbers, high reproductive dry matter content, vegetative dry matter content and biological yield.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors / Publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this paper has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

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A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 11

A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 10

A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 09

A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 08

A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 07

A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20

A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR

A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13

A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR

A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR.

A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award

A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award

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INTER CORRELATION STUDIES AMONG YIELD AND ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES GROWN IN HARYANA, INDIA (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

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