International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
logo
slider
slider
slider
slider
Bootstrap Slider

Indexed and Abstracted in: Crossref, CAS Abstracts, Publons, Google Scholar, Open J-Gate, ROAD, Indian Citation Index (ICI), ResearchGATE, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat (World's largest network of library content and services)

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 4(9), May, 2012

Pages: 67-75

Date of Publication: 17-May-2012


Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

A STUDY ON SUTURAL MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMICAL POSITION OF PTERION

Author: Varsha Shenoy, P. Saraswathi, T. Siva, D. Jagadeesh

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Objective: Pterion is an interesting bony landmark on the lateral aspect of the skull. It is ?H' shaped
sutural confluence formed by the articulation of four bones: frontal, parietal, greater wing of sphenoid and
squamous part of temporal bone. Pterional approach is most widely used in neurosurgery for a variety of
lesions in the anterior and middle cranial fossae. Since previous studies have reported the racial difference
in the pterional morphology, in the present study it was aimed to study the sutural morphology of pteria
and also to locate it with respect to the frontozygomatic suture. Methods: Seventy five (50 male and 25
female) skulls were studied on both the sides to evaluate the sutural pattern of pteria. The distance
between center of the pterion to frontozygomatic suture was measured on both the sides.
Results and Conclusion: According to the present study Sphenoparietal pterion was the commonest
(77.33%) finding and was followed in frequency by Epipteric type (21.33%) and Stellate type (1.33%).
Frontotemporal pterion was not observed. Average distance between the center of pterion and
frontozygomatic suture was found to be 2.95 cm.

Keywords: Pterion, Frontozygomatic suture, Burr-hole surgery, sutural bone, fontanelle, cranial fossae.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION Pterion is a neurosurgically significant bony landmark on the lateral aspect of the human skull. It is ?H‘ shaped sutural confluence formed by the articulation of four skull bones: frontal, parietal, greater wing of sphenoid and squamous part of temporal bone. 1 The pterion corresponds to the anterolateral fontanelle of the neonatal skull which usually closes at third month after birth. 1 In neurosurgery pterional approach is widely used for the treatment of variety of neuro-vascular disorders located in the anterior and middle cranial fossae. According to the previous studies there are four types of adult pteria: Sphenoparietal (SP), Frontotemporal (FT), Stellate (ST) and Epipteric (EP). In SP type of pterion the sphenoid and parietal bones are in direct contact. In FT type of pterion frontal and temporal bones are in direct contact. The ST type is characterized by articulation of all the four bones at a point. The EP pterion is characterized by the presence of a sutural bone in the region of pterion (Fig 1). 2 Aim of the present study was to classify the pteria based on their sutural morphology and to locate them with respect to a nearby palpable bony landmark namely frontozygomatic suture (FZS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in the department of anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai. A total of 75 (50 male and 25 female) skulls were studied. The skulls in the present study comprised whole skulls and skulls with a cut at the upper part of the cranium but intact pterion and frontozygomatic suture (FZS). Criteria of exclusion were those in which the pterion pattern could not be clearly identified owing to breakage or advanced synostosis. 1. Each pterion was classified into one of four types - Sphenoparietal (SP), Frontotemporal (FT), Stellate (ST) or Epipteric (EP) according to the criterion previously described. 2. Distance between pterion and Frontozygomatic suture (P-FZS) was measured on both right side and left side. 3. Pterion was classified as backward pterion if P-FZS ≥ 3.5 cm .2 A circle with the smallest radius connecting the four bones involved in the formation of the pterion was drawn; the center of this circle was considered as the center of the pterion. P-FZS was measured as the distance between the center of the pterion to the posterolateral aspect of FZS. P-FZS measurements were taken twice then average of the two measurements was recorded so as to minimize bias errors. A sliding vernier caliper was used to measure P-FZS. All the parameters studied were tabulated and analysed. The sexing of the skulls was done on the morphological basis. RESULTS In the present study it was observed that SP pterion was the commonest, observed in 116 out of 150 sides (77.33%) of the skulls. The next common was EP found in 32 sides ( 21.33%), followed by ST which was observed in 2 out of 150 sides (1.33%) of the skulls studied. FT type was not found in the present study (Table 1 & Fig 2). Among the 50 male skulls studied SP pterion was the commonest (82%), followed by EP (17%). ST Pterion was found only on one side (1%) (Table 2). Among the 25 female skulls studied SP pterion was the commonest (68%), it was followed by EP (30%) and ST Pterion (2%). It was observed that incidence of EP was more common in female skulls (30%) than in male skulls (21.3%) (Table 2). Out of 116 SP pteria 49 SP pteria were present bilaterally (42.2%), 8 out of 32 EP pteria showed bilaterality (25%), whereas ST variety was purely (100%) unilateral. On the right side 80% of the pteria were SP, 18.66% were EP and 1.3 % were ST type. On the left side SP type was observed in 74.6%, EP was observed in 24%, ST type in 1.3 %. The distance between center of pterion to the FZS (P-FZS) was ranging from 1.42 cm – 3.74 cm on the right side and on the left side the range was 1.6 cm - 4.15 cm (Fig 3). The AVG of P-FZS on the right side was 2.9532 ± 0.37 cm and on the left side it was 2.9452 ± 0.438 cm. There was no significant difference in the values on right and left side (p= 0.452060383). Table 3 represents the P-FZS in male and female skulls. There was no significant difference on right and left sides in both male and female skulls. Out of 150 pteria studied 10 were belonging to ?Backward pterion‘ (6.67%). Among the backward pteria, 6 were on the left side and 4 were on the right side (Fig 3). 7 out of 10 backward pteria were found in male skulls and 3 were found in female skulls (Table 4).

DISCUSSION
The pterion is considered to be one of the interesting bony meeting points in the skull. Its complexity is based on the fact that it is the meeting point of the facial skeleton, skull base and calvarium. Knowledge of its peculiar morphology is mandatory during the pterional surgical approaches. 3 In a study on Nigerian skulls it was found that SP pterion was the commonest and was found in 82.1%, the next common was FT pterion found in 23.6%, EP pterion was found in 5.7% and ST was the least common found only in 1.9%. 4 Another study on 26 Turkish male skulls also reported SP type being the commonest, followed by FT type and then EP pterion. In the same study EP type of pteria were found only on the left side. 5 A study on 236 adult Thai skulls has reported that SP and EP are the common types of the pteria, found in 81.2% and 17.4% respectively. FT type was found in 1.1% and ST type in 0.4%. 2 One more study reported the incidence of SP as 78%, EP as 16% and FT as 5%.6 Saxena et al. conducted a study to compare the pteria of Nigerians and Indians. The study reported all the 4 types of pterion in both the races.

Among the 4 varieties of pteria, SP pteria were the highest in both races (Indians 95.3%, Nigerians 84.79%). EP was more frequent in Indians (Indians 11.79%, Nigerians 3.79%), whereas FT (Indians 3.46%, Nigerians 10.11%) and ST (Indians 1.38%, Nigerians 5.06%) pteria were more common in Nigerians. 7 In a study on 490 sides of the skulls, epipteric pteria were observed only in 9 %.8 A study on 90 Kenyan skulls reported that SP pterion as the commonest and was observed in 66.7%. FT pterion was observed in 15.5%, ST pterion in 11.1% and EP pterion in 6.7%. The study also observed that EP type occurred more in females (10.5%) than in males (4.8%).9 It is evident from the studies mentioned (2, 4-9) that there are racial differences in the sutural morphology of pterion. The present study revealed that out of 150 pterional articulations, SP type was the commonest (77.33%), next common was EP (21.33%) and ST was observed in 1.33%. In the present study FT type of pterion was not found. Compared to the previous studies the present study reports a higher incidence of EP type of pterion. Previous studies have reported that SP is dominant pterion type in Homo whereas in primates it is FT pterion. According to them during phylogenesis, anterosuperior segment of the squamous part of temporal bone of the lower primates detached and got incorporated in the posterosuperior angle of the greater wing of sphenoid of Homo. During the process if the detached bony segment does not fuse with either of the bones, then it gives rise to EP type of pterion.

2 Pterional craniotomy is the preferred approach for the lesions located in the anterior branch of middle meningeal artery , sylvian fissure, sellar and parasellar regions, superior orbital fissure, sphenoidal wing, cavernous sinus, orbit, optic nerve, temporal lobe, midbrain, and posteriorinferior frontal lobe.2,10 Successful microsurgical removal of sylvian fissure lipoma with pterion approach is also reported.2 Hence, detailed knowledge of sutural morphology of pterion and its location is crucial for neurosurgeons dealing in the region. Even though sutural bones are found more commonly in hydrocephalic skulls,11 the earlier studies on skulls have reported the presence of epipteric bones. It is also stated that skull bone fractures during infancy or early childhood can result in sutural bones. During burr hole surgeries at pterion, presence of EP type of pterion may lead to continuation of fracture lines. 11 Therefore the knowledge of presence and incidence of EP variety of pterion is essential information during any surgical intervention in the region. In Thai skulls P-FZS was found to be 31.12 mm . 2 In Turkish male skulls P-FZS on the right and left sides respectively were 3.30 cm and 3.44 cm. 5 According to a study on South Indian skulls right side pterion was 3.93±0.37 cm and left side pterion was 3.80 ±0.40 cm posterior to the FZS in male skulls.

The same study reported that in female skulls right side pterion was 3.53 ± 0.42 cm and left side pterion was 3.47 ± 0.37cm posterior to the FZS. 10 In the present study P-FZS was observed to be 2.95 ± 0.37 cm on the right side and on the left side it was 2.945 ± 0.44 cm. In case of male skulls on the right side P-FZS was 2.84 ± 0.68 cm and on the left side P-FZS was 2.88 ± 0.65 cm. In case of female skulls P-FZS on the right side and left side was 2.8 ± 0.44 cm and 2.86 ± 0.46 cm respectively (Table 3). A study has reported that the skulls with EP pterion, the most anterior junction of the bones found to be as close as 16 mm to the lateral orbital rim. In such conditions the pterion can be wrongly assessed to be at the most anterior articulation of bones and a burr hole over this place may cause inadvertent penetration into the orbit, thus complicating the surgery. 8 In the present study only 10 out of 150 pteria (6.67%) were ?backward pteria‘. In Thai skulls ?backward pteria‘ were found in 22.9%, 2 which is comparatively higher than the findings of the present study. The ?backward pteria‘ were more frequently observed in males (78.9%) than in females (21.1%) in Thai skulls, 2 similar to the findings of the present study. Another comparative study reported that in Indians ?backward pterion‘ was more common on the right side, whereas in Nigerians it was more common on the left side.7 But in the present study it was observed that ?backward pterion‘ were more common on the left side (Table 4).

CONCLUSION
Most of the neurosurgical approaches are based on minimally invasive procedures. Since pterional approach is one of the most common and versatile approaches in neurosurgery,2 detailed knowledge of pterion morphology and its location is crucial for neurosurgeons. Sutural bones at pterion may complicate surgical orientation and can be mistaken for fracture radiologically. 11Hence the knowledge of various types of pteria, especially that of EP variety becomes essential for radiologists as well as to neurosurgeons. In the present study SP pterion was the commonest (77.33%) finding and was followed in frequency by EP type (21.33%) and ST type (1.33%). FT type of pterion was not found in the present study. According to the present study pterion was located 2.95 cm posterior to the FZS.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

1. Standring S, Ellis H, Healy JC, Johnson D, Williams A, eds. Gray‘s Anatomy. 39th ed. London: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005.

2. Apinhasmit W, Chompoopong S, Chaisuksunt V, Thiraphatthanavong P, Phasukdee N. Anatomical consideration of pterion and its related references in Thai dry skulls for pterional surgical approach. J Med Assoc Thai. 2011 Feb; 94(2):205-14.

3. Urzì F, Iannello A, Torrisi A, Foti P, Mortellaro NF, Cavallaro M. Morphological variability of pterion in the human skull. ItalJ Anat Embryol. 2003 Apr-Jun; 108(2):83- 117.

4. Asala SA, Mbajiorgu FE. Epigenetic variation in the Nigerian skull: sutural pattern at the pterion. East Afr Med J. 1996 Jul; 73(7):484-6.

5. Oguz O, Sanli SG, Bozkir MG, Soames RW. The pterion in Turkish male skulls. Surg Radiol Anat. 2004 Jun; 26(3):220-4.

6. Ma S, Baillie LJ, Stringer MD. Reappraising the surface anatomy of the pterion and its relationship to the middle meningeal artery. Clin. Anat. 2012; 25:330–9.

7. Saxena SK, Jain SP, Chowdhary DS. A comparative study of pterion formation and its variations in the skulls of Nigerians and Indians. Anthropol Anz. 1988 Mar; 46(1):75-82.

8. Ersoy M, Evliyaoglu C, Bozkurt MC, Konuskan B, Tekdemir I, Keskil IS. Epipteric bones in the pterion may be a surgical pitfall. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2003 Dec; 46(6):363-5.

9. Mwachaka PM, Hassanali J and Odula P. Sutural morphology of the pterion and asterion among adult Kenyans. Braz. J. Morphol. Sci., 2009; 26 (1): 4-7.

10. Chandana Bhargavi, Vasudha Saralaya, Kishan K. Pterion: A Site For Neurosurgical Approach. IJBR 2011; 2(12): 588?94.

11. Natekar PE, DeSouza FM, Natekar SP. Pterion: An anatomical variation and surgical landmark. Indian J Otol 2011; 17: 83-5.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


RSS feed

Indexed and Abstracted in


Antiplagiarism Policy: IJCRR strongly condemn and discourage practice of plagiarism. All received manuscripts have to pass through "Plagiarism Detection Software" test before Toto Macau forwarding for peer review. We consider "Plagiarism is a crime"

IJCRR Code of Conduct: To achieve a high standard of publication, we adopt Good Publishing Practices (updated in 2022) which are inspired by guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



ABOUT US

International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

Contact

148, IMSR Building, Ayurvedic Layout,
        Near NIT Complex, Sakkardara,
        Nagpur-24, Maharashtra State, India

editor@ijcrr.com

editor.ijcrr@gmail.com


Copyright © 2024 IJCRR. Specialized online journals by ubijournal .Website by Ubitech solutions