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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="healthcare" lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">IJCRR</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">I Journ Cur Res Re</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Current Research and Review</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">I Journ Cur Res Re</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn><issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">876</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi"/><article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Healthcare</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>PTERYGOSPINOUS BAR AND MULTIPLE CIVININI FORAMEN- A RARE ANATOMICAL VARIANT AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS&#13;
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ebenraj</surname><given-names>Thomson Jones</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>NagarajanVishali</surname><given-names/></name></contrib></contrib-group><volume>)</volume><issue/><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Objectives: Our aim is to study the prevalence of Pterygospinous bar and analyzemorphometrically the homonyms foramen in a collection of existing skulls and discuss their clinical implications. Methods: 90 dried adult human skulls were used for the study. The base of the skull was examined both macroscopically and radiologically for the presence of abnormal osseous structures extending from the lateral pterygoid plate. Average diameter of the Civinini__ampersandsignrsquo;s foramen, width of the lateral pterygoid plate, width of the extending bar from the pterygospinous process and sphenoid spine were measured using the vernier caliper. Results: Out of 90 skulls reviewed, only 5 skulls showed the presence of complete pterygospinous bar with enclosed Civinini__ampersandsignrsquo;s foramen, in which 2 skulls showed the multiple Civinini__ampersandsignrsquo;s foramen. 58 skulls showed the presence of incomplete pterygospinous bar. Conclusion: It is obvious from the results that the incomplete pterygospinous bar is more prevalent, which may lead to altered course of the structures passing through foramen ovale and foramen spinosum. Some of the structures may also be entrapped in the enclosed Civnini__ampersandsignrsquo;s foramen there by resulting in neural and vascular complications. Hence, the vivid knowledge of such presence is highly beneficial to anaesthetists, dental and maxillo __ampersandsignndash; facial surgeons in day to day clinical practice.&#13;
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>pterygospinous ligament</kwd><kwd> pterygospinous bar</kwd><kwd> civinini’s foramen</kwd><kwd> lateral pterygoid plate</kwd><kwd> spine of the sphenoid.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article>
