Background: Phylogenetic agenesis, comparative anatomy and clinical importance of palmaris longus (PL) as a vestigial muscle have been considered by anthropometric studies. Objectives: Determination of the prevalence of absence of this muscle in the city of Kerman in Iran and possible relevance of sex and the left or right sides were the main goals of present study. Methods: In total, 900 individuals, 14__ampersandsignndash;50 years old, from the city of Kerman in Iran whocould take advantage of the standard Schaeffer__ampersandsignrsquo;s test were studied. Results: The overall PL absence in both sexes was 33.7%. The frequency of bilateral__ampersandsignnbsp; absence of PL was not significant in both genders. Our findings showed a markedly higher right-sided PL agenesis in females (9.8%) than in males (5.8%). Additionally, this data demonstrated a higher left-sided absence of PL in the young group than in the middle-aged group which was statically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: The total prevalence of PL agenesis was higher in comparison with reported data in literature and textbooks. Findings of the present study indicated that the prevalence of PL absence is significantly different to other regions and findings in textbooks. These results are important as phylogenetic and clinical issues.