Aim: Urolithiasis is a global phenomenon. New frontiers have developed not only on therapeutic lines but also in understanding process of calculogenesis. Methodology: Urinary calculi have been analyzed and studied by different techniques with diverse merits and demerits. Urinary stones are multicomponent system containing mainly crystalline and partially non-crystalline components. Crystallographic analysis by X-ray diffraction __ampersandsignamp; Polarized Transmission Microscopy yield more information than other techniques. Result: X-ray diffraction patterns obtained was unique to the particular crystalline constituents with unique diffraction angles, corresponding __ampersandsignldquo;d__ampersandsignrdquo; value (lattice spacing) and relative line intensities. X-ray diffraction showed a significant difference in detection of pure stone 36.67% compared to 43.2% on chemical spot test. Polarized transmission microscopy revealed the crystal matrix inter relationship and architectural design accounted for concentrically laminated 30% followed by plexiform-cum laminated in 13.33% tombstone coffin -lid, compact and crystalline aggregated observed in 10% each. Conclusion: Crystallographic method of urinary analysis by X-ray Diffraction and Polarized Transmission Microscopy can identity quickly and certainly different Urates, Oxalates and Phosphates with a certainty that cannot be equaled or attempted by any other technique. They are considered a reference technique for identification and differentiation of crystals. Identification of the constituents have bearing in prevention and recurrent of future stone formation.