Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of natural extract sodium gluconate and 17% EDTA on smear layer removal and dentinal erosion of root canal walls. Method: Thirty extracted human premolar teeth were decoronated at the CEJ. Biomechanical preparation was done using Protaper gold rotary file till F3 and divided into two groups of fifteen teeth each. Group I will be treated with final irrigation of 17% EDTA and Group II with 16% sodium gluconate. The samples will be sectioned longitudinally and examined under SEM at 1000x magnification for smear layer removal and 5000x magnification for dentinal erosion. The images obtained at three levels will be analysed and scored for smear layer removal and dentinal erosion. Statistical analysis for both groups was done using Mann–Whitney U test. Results: No statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in smear layer removal in the coronal, middle and apical third of the root canal (p value >0.05). The comparison of dentinal erosion between Group 1 and Group 2 indicating a highly statistically significant difference between the two groups (p value