The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are a set of eight Goals, eighteen targets, and 48 indicators that aim to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, promote gender equality and empower women, combat malaria, HIV/AIDS and other diseases, ensure environmental sustainability, and develop a global partnership for development. The MDGs have an achievement deadline of 2015. The United Nations has developed a comprehensive Post-2015 Development Agenda that hinges around sustainable development. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will replace the MDGs, and are expected to build upon the achievements of the MDGs. This article outlines the progress towards achieving MDGs, the background behind SDGs, and some of the challenges faced by SDGs.