Aims: To study the prevalence of anemia among rural school children of Rajasthan. Study Design: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted in 8 government schools in tribal villages of Sirohi district over a period of 6 months. 1462 school children between 5 to15 years of age were clinically examined. Hemoglobin estimation was done using cynmethemoglobin method and peripheral blood smear were also examined. Anemia was diagnosed according to the WHO standard for the given age and sex. Materials and Methods: Hemoglobin estimation was done using cynmethemoglobin method. Peripheral blood film was prepared and stained by Leishman__ampersandsignrsquo;s stain using standard technique. Peripheral smear was examined by Pathologist to know the type of anemia and eosinophilia. Results: Overall prevalence of anemia was 83.6%. Girls had a higher prevalence of anemia than boys except at 10 years of age. Menarcheal age group girls (11 to15 years) were more anemic than boys and lesser age group girls (__ampersandsignlt;11 years). The commonest blood smear picture was microcytic hypochromic (56.4%). Eosinophilia was observed in 21.6% children. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of anemia in rural school children of this part of the country. Girls were at higher risk of developing anemia. Dietary modification, improvement in hygiene and awareness are the key strategies recommended for prevention.