Introduction: Breastfeeding, particularly exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), is crucial for the health and survival of newborns. Despite the well-documented benefits, the practice of EIBF remains suboptimal in various regions, including Chhattisgarh, India, where the rate has decreased significantly. This study aims to explore the correlation between various breastfeeding practices, maternal socioeconomic status, and nutritional factors with EIBF. Methods/Materials Used: A cross-sectional study was conducted at AIIMS Raipur, targeting postpartum women in the postnatal wards. Data was collected through structured interviews focusing on breastfeeding practices, maternal health, and socioeconomic factors. The sample included 200 mothers who delivered in the hospital, with attention given to factors such as prelacteal feeding, bottle feeding, and the nutritional status of the mothers. Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between these factors and EIBF. Results: The study revealed that antenatal counseling significantly increases the likelihood of EIBF. However, practices such as prelacteal feeding and the discarding of colostrum were still prevalent among some mothers, despite institutional delivery. The maternal knowledge about breastfeeding was high, with 97% recognizing its benefits, but gaps in practice were evident. Socioeconomic status and maternal nutrition were also found to be influential factors in the initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusion/Discussion: The findings highlight the critical role of antenatal counseling and maternal education in promoting EIBF. The persistence of harmful practices like prelacteal feeding suggests the need for targeted interventions to address cultural beliefs and misconceptions. Improving maternal nutrition and addressing socioeconomic disparities are essential to enhancing breastfeeding practices. Further efforts are required to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, particularly in institutional settings, to ensure optimal breastfeeding outcomes.