Fennel is considered as one of the oldest medicinal plants and culinary herbs. It’s in use since 4000 years. It is a biennial plant with a thick rootstock, erect, much-branched, and smooth, often 1 meter or more in height. It probably occurs in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. It is grown as a spice, medicine or essential oil plant or vegetable in many parts of the world and has been naturalized in many places. This review aims to give an outline of medicinal aspect of Foeniculumvulgare Mill focusing more on its traditional function and uses. The literature search encircled scientific databases, publications and ancient Unani literature books for traditional usage, chemical profiling, and pharmacological activities and so on. Foeniculumvulgare Mill displays various pharmacological activities like estrogenic activity, gastro protective activity, hepato-protective activity, antidiabetic activity, cardiovascular and lipid activity, antithrombotic activity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-bacterial activity, anti-anxiety potential, memory protective potential. The plant contains Essential oil / Volatile oil, Coumarin, Fixed oil, Cinnamic acid derivatives, Sterols, Saponin, Flavonoids glycosides, Quercetin and Vitamin. In traditional system of medicine it is used in flatulence, kidney stones, bronchitis, diabetes, and persistent cough. It is also used as diuretic, emmenogogue, improving eye sight, in wound healing, increases breast milk and semen production. It has properties of Mudirboul-o-hayz, Muqawwi-e-basar, Muqawwi-e- meda, Muwallidmani, Muwallid sheer etc. Foeniculumvulgare has emerged as a good source of traditional medicine and has been used in different ways due to its phytochemical constituents and easy availability. Further research is needed to validate its potential, mechanism of action for the development of new drugs and future clinical uses.