Our understanding of ‘cancer’ has evolved with scientific break-throughs, which provided insight into the pathogenesis of tumour progression. Oncology, in many occasions, has emerged as a field of interdisciplinary study, as multiple areas of cross-talks exist between the streams like developmental and evolutionary biology. This fact is often overlooked among medical professionals. The article tries to focus on epistemology of cancer research, the changing philosophy in a nutshell and a brief review of two broad domains of Biological Science; regarding how they have shaped our understanding of cancer.