Aim: ABO blood group system is shared by all human populations; but frequencies of distribution differ. Variation in distribution of ABO and Rhesus phenotype between ethnic and geographic population is a well documented fact. Blood groups are genetically determined and exhibit polymorphism in different populations. Present study was conducted with an aim to determine prevalence of ABO and Rhesus blood groups and allele frequency among people in and around Raipur. Subject and Method: Study conducted over a period of 2 1/2 years included 46,444 persons( recipients and donors ) attending blood bank of Dr. B R A M hospital associated with Pt JNM Medical College Raipur. Blood groups were determined by standard methods. Calculations for allelic frequency were based on Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Result: The most prevalent blood group was B (35.42%) closely followed by group O (33.55%) and group A (22.17%). Least prevalent blood group was AB (8.17%) Rh D positive prevalence was 96.85% and 3.15% persons were Rh negative. Breakup of Rh negatives showed that 1.24% were group B, 1.00% were group O, 0.66% were group A and 0.20% were group AB. Allelic frequency calculations showed O allele to be most common. Conclusion: In present study blood group B was the commonest, closely followed by group O. More than 95% population is Rh positive. Distribution of ABO and Rh blood group is close to that seen in northern parts of India, Rajasthan, adjoining Pakistan, and Bangladesh.