Introduction: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria that cause serious damage in animals and humans by causing high morbidity and mortality. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has made it necessary to replace alternative sources of antibiotic products. There is a persistent need to recognize new and novel antimicrobial agents that would help in alleviating the problems of emerging resistant bacterial pathogens. Plant-derived natural products represent an attractive source of antimicrobial agents since they are natural and affordable, especially in rural societies in poor developing countries Objectives: The objective of the current research was to explore the antibacterial capabilities of the Citrus maxima oil against Escherichia coli infection in rabbits. The effect of oil on rabbits__ampersandsignrsquo; hematological parameters was also assessed. Methods: Rabbits were distributed into six groups, 1st group served as a negative control, 2nd group as a positive control, infected with E. coliat the dose rate of 2.0 x 1010 CFU without medication, group 3rd, 4thand 5th were infected with E. coli and supplemented with oil at different doses and 6th group was infected with E. coli and treated with Moxifloxacin HCL (standard drug) at the dose rate of 7mg/kg. The blood samples of tested animals were collected for the analysis of haematological parameters on different days of the experiments. Result: The results showed a significant increase in WBCs, MCV, HCT and neutrophils during infection. RBCs, MCH, MCHC, haemoglobin, lymphocytes and platelets count decreased during infection. The current study provides a scientific contextual for the significant use of Citrus maxima oil for the treatment of various pathological diseases. Conclusion: The obtained result gives an insight into the antibacterial capabilities of the Citrus maxima oil against Escherichia coli infection in rabbits. Citrus maxima oil exhibited variable, but remarkable antibacterial potential. These oils could be used as a source of antimicrobial agents in pharmaceutical industries.