Objective: The author intended to investigate the diversity of cyanobacteria which is considered to be omnipresent and at the same time examine the role of the taxa in the ecosystem at the site of occurrence. The work was also undertaken to describe the obtained taxa, following taxonomic processes. Methods: Random sampling was done from different locations of the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. Live samples, as well as soil from target sites, were collected and investigated following standard systematic protocols for cyanobacterial taxonomy. Results: In this present investigation the author reported the occurrence of two very rare and filamentous types of cyanobacteria [viz. Dichothrix __ampersandsignamp; Fischerella] from different locations of said area. The detailed taxonomic analysis of each tax an along with scientific drawing will not only help in systematics but also will add to the distribution pattern of the concerned group across the world. Conclusion: The results of this investigation will add a definite and conclusive understanding on the existence of two rarest forms of filamentous cyanobacteria which were never known from this part of the world. The author also tried to investigate the role of these taxa on the ecosystem. Though present communication is mainly on the taxonomy of the obtained taxa.