Introduction: Patients with preterm delivery and generalized periodontal disease had a higher frequency of chorioamnionitis and funisitis. Aim: To evaluate the possible correlation between microorganisms present in the placental extract and subgingival plaque and calculus. Materials and Method: The study included 30 pregnant females distributed equally into the study (delivered preterm low birth weight babies) and the control group (delivered at normal term with normal weight babies). At the time of delivery, the sample of the placental extract was collected. Within two days postpartum clinical periodontal parameters of mothers i.e. subgingival plaque and calculus sample was collected. Placental extract and subgingival plaque and calculus samples were subjected to anaerobic culture, and various microorganisms present were identified. Spearman Rank Correlation test was used for seeing the correlation between plaque and placental microbial count. Results: A significant difference (p__ampersandsignlt;0.05) was found between no. of weeks of pregnancy, the weight of baby at birth, no. of teeth with probing depth (PD) __ampersandsignge;4mm, no. of teeth with clinical attachment loss (CAL) __ampersandsignge;4mm, percentage (%) of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), between study and control groups. A significant difference was also present between the study and control groups for the total no. of colonies in plaque and placenta samples. Conclusion: Positive correlation was seen between placental and plaque microorganisms in the preterm group, indicating periodontitis to be a potential risk factor for preterm low birth weight babies.