Introduction: Non-specific low back pain is one of the common representations of musculoskeletal disorders which can be widely seen all over the world. It is mainly due to the unbalanced and weak muscles of the core, which plays a vital role in maintaining stability and mobility of the spine. Consequently causes recurrence of back pain with activities. The objective of the study: The study was done to evaluate the effects of lumbar stabilisation exercise using stable and unstable surfaces on pain, disability and electromyographic activity of the Erector spine and transverse abdomen are muscle in chronic low back pain patients (CLBP). Methods: Twenty-four patients with chronic low back pain were recruited in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly allocated into two groups i.e Group A (n=12) lumbar stabilization exercise (LSE) on a stable surface while Group B (n=12) LSE on an unstable surface for 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks in both the groups. The pain was assessed using the Numerous Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), functional disability using Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) Scale and Muscle recruitment pattern using Electromyography (EMG). Result: Six weeks of interventions showed significant improvement in pain, functional disability and muscle activity of core muscles in both groups (p __ampersandsignlt;0.05). While comparing both groups, there was a significant improvement in pain and muscle activity of the transverse abdominal muscle in Group B patients (p __ampersandsignlt;0.05). Conclusion: Lumbar stabilization exercises using Swiss balls as unstable surfaces is effective interventional therapy for the alleviation of chronic low back pain and improving the muscle recruitment pattern in patients.