Introduction: Renal vasculature is affected by a spectrum of variations that bears a high clinical impact while planning transplant surgeries/biopsies. Large scale Indian data is not available and a single study assessing these variations separately in male and female populations from a different country is available in the literature. Aims: To study the prevalence of renal artery(RA), renal vein(RV) variations, and investigate their gender distribution in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced computed-tomography(CECT) abdomen study. Materials and Methods: One-year prospective study, included 640 contiguous patients (320 males and 320 females) referred for the CECT study. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive analysis of different types of RA, RV variations, and analytical analysis of the association between these variations and association between gender and renal vascular variations(RVV)using the Chi-square test. Results: RA variations (376 patients -46.71%) predominated over the RV variations (131 patients -20.46%). Additional RA(AdRA) was the most common arterial variation (315 patients __ampersandsignndash; 49.21%), with occurrence in the female population dominating over the male population (52.81% and 45.62%% respectively, P__ampersandsigngt;0.05). Accessory RA(AcRA) showed an increased prevalence over aberrant RA(AbRA) (29.37% and 19.68%, respectively). Unilateral AcRA and unilateral aortic-origin of AbRA(Ao-AbRA) showed female predominance; all bilateral Ao-AbRA and bilateral mixed origins (aortic and renal) of AbRA were seen exclusively in the female population (Eight patients and five patients, respectively). Among RV variations, the late confluence of RV(LcRV) was the most common variation (9.84%), with 60% being males and 40% females. No significant association between RA and RV variation(p__ampersandsigngt;0.05) and between gender and vascular variations(p__ampersandsigngt;0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of RVV bears paramount importance in clinical practice, which helps radiologists/surgeons in better patient management.