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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="healthcare" lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">IJCRR</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">I Journ Cur Res Re</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Current Research and Review</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">I Journ Cur Res Re</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn><issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">4152</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi"/><article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"> http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2021.131912</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Healthcare</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A Cross-Sectional Study to Analyse the Severity of Smoking and its Effects on Copd Patient__ampersandsign#39;s Bone Mineral Density&#13;
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sathishkumar</surname><given-names>Mani</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ganesh</surname><given-names>Gayathri</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swetha</surname><given-names>Giridharan</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vadivelu</surname><given-names>Gangadharan</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>9)</volume><issue/><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and currently represents the fourth leading cause of death in world1COPD it is recognized as a multi-component disorder, associated with systemic inflammation and extrapulmonary manifestation. Of which osteoporosis and osteopenia in COPD are a significant extra-pulmonary component which is least considered.3 Objective: The main aim of the study is to access the severity of COPD with Bone Mineral Density(BMD) which defines osteoporosis and osteopenia, along with serum CRP and Serum Calcium levels. We collected about 60 Spirometry proven COPD patient__ampersandsignrsquo;s data and analysed using student t and Pearson chi-square test. Results: Observed majority of the study population was in the moderate to severe COPD group, of the moderate COPD group majority were osteopenic, severe COPD patients were osteoporotic. Conclusion: Lower the BMI the risk of developing low BMD increases, as the study shows patients with low BMI was mostly in the osteoporotic range. Serum calcium, CRP and Smoking status also were correlating with BMD levels.&#13;
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd> COPD</kwd><kwd> BMD</kwd><kwd> Smoking</kwd><kwd> Spirometry</kwd><kwd> Serum calcium</kwd><kwd> Dyspnea</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article>
