Introduction: Orthodontic treatment aids in the improvement of function, esthetics, and the patients__ampersandsignrsquo; self-confidence. Iatrogenic damage during orthodontic treatment is believed to have deleterious effects on the dentition __ampersandsignamp;periodontium. The complications associated with orthodontic treatment are a result of a multifactorial process including the patient__ampersandsignrsquo;s biology, clinical skills of the orthodontist, orthodontic appliances, orthodontic treatment procedures, and length of treatment. Aim: The purpose of this study is to summarize the scientific-based evidence on the iatrogenic effects that may be associated with orthodontic treatment and thereby discuss methods of prevention by reviewing various articles published under this topic. Methodology: The database collected from PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Cochrane library, Google scholar and research gate were studied and thus all available information has been reviewed and briefed in this article. Discussion and Conclusion: If the orthodontic treatment is to be beneficial, the advantages it offers should outweigh any pos sible damage it may cause. It is important to assess the risks of treatment as well as the potential gain and balance these aspects of treatment before deciding how to treat the malocclusion. Further studies and controlled trials on the aetiology and intensity of each effect concerning every influencing factor are required.