Purpose: This study assessed the ability of CBCT in evaluating osteoporotic bone changes in comparison to bone mineral den sity by using a DEXA scan in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methodology: Thirty diabetic patients (15 males and 15 females) and thirty healthy control subjects (15 males and 15 females) were included in this study. The CBCT images were obtained from the left mental foramen region using New Tom GIANO (CEFLA)-SC Dental CBCT system. The axial, sagittal and coronal sections had been prepared. The t-value was taken as a gold standard to determined BMD (bone mineral density) of the lumbar vertebrae by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) using a DEXA scanner LUNAR DPX NT (GE, USA). The intra-observer agreement and relationship between the CBCT measurements and BMDs relationship had assessed. Results: The result of the study showed a statistically significant difference in the mean values of CTIS, CTII, CTMI indices measured on CBCT in the diabetic group and control group. Mean __ampersandsignlsquo;t- scores__ampersandsignrsquo; in both diabetic males and females are lesser as compared to the mean __ampersandsignlsquo;t- score__ampersandsignrsquo; in the control group. A positive correlation has been observed between t-score and CTIS, CTII and CTMI indices. The intra-observer variability between CTIS, CTII, CTMI and CTCI reveal strong agreement among various radio morphometric indices. Conclusion: The various radio morphometric indices such as computed tomography mandibular index superior (CTI(S)), comput tomography mandibular index inferior (CTI(I)), and computed tomography cortical index (CTCI) and computed tomogra phy mental index(CTMI) on CBCT can be used as an ancillary tool for the early detection of osteoporotic bone changes in type 2 diabetic patients.