Introduction: The gut microbiota and central nervous system (CNS) interact in a bidirectional manner. In response to physical and psychological stressors affecting secretion, motility and immune reactivity, the CNS modulates gut functioning. However, alterations in gut microbiota may cause neurochemical and behavioural changes. Cerebral stroke generates an immune and inflammatory response in the brain and various immune organs as well as affect the gut microbiota Objective: The present review paper aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the association of gut microbiota with ischemic stroke. Methods: NCBI-PubMed database has been extensively searched to collect information regarding the gut microbiome and ischemic stroke. Results: In this paper, we discussed the gut-brain axis, regulation of intestinal __ampersandsigngamma;__ampersandsigndelta;T Cells, gut-immune response to brain injury, effect of gut microbiota on brain development, behaviour and neurotransmitters. Further, we highlight the pathways for systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Trimethylamine N-Oxide, and T regulatory cells to understand the underlying mechanism of neuronal dysfunction. Conclusion: CNS dysfunction due to ischemic insults affects gastrointestinal function through the vagus nerve signal, immune pathways, endocrine systems and neurotransmitters. The intestinal microbiota plays an imperative role in retaining metabolic homeostasis, immune system, and protection against pathogens.