Introduction: Quintessential information on knowledge and self-care practices about diabetes is rare in India and is critical to design general wellbeing strategies planned for forestalling and controlling diabetes. Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess and compare the knowledge of diabetes and self-care practices and their association with control of blood sugar levels in urban and rural areas in the Pune district, in India. Methodology: A study was conducted at 4 sites from urban and rural areas of the Pune district, in India. One registered private physicians__ampersandsignrsquo; clinic from each study site i. e. from 2 wards and two villages were randomly selected. Methods and Material: Considering the 69% prevalence of good self-care practices in type 2 diabetics and requiring precision of 10%, the sample size of 200 was calculated. A predesigned, pretested questionnaire was filled by interview technique. Statistical significance between the two variables was tested using the Chi-square test and Fisher__ampersandsignrsquo;s exact test. The correlation was tested by using Pearson__ampersandsignrsquo;s correlation coefficients. Results: The mean total knowledge score of urban diabetics (7.52) was more than the mean total knowledge score (6.62) of the rural diabetic. (p__ampersandsignlt;0.05). A significant difference was found between the urban and rural diabetics about the self-care practices except for compliance to drugs. No correlation of diabetes knowledge score with Glycosylated Haemoglobin was seen in an urban and rural area. Conclusion: Endeavours ought to be made to develop self-care practices of patients in shutting the hole of diabetes knowledge. Health care providers should be empowered for delivering adequate health message regarding diabetic self-care practices.