Introduction: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) encompass several entities, which may have differing etiologies Aim: To identify risk factors for painful TMD among the Indian population presenting to the dental outpatient. Methodology: Subjects with Painful TMD were classified into one of the following three groups: Group 1 (n=24): myofascial pain only, Group 2 (n=38): arthralgia only and Group 3 (n=41): myofascial pain and arthralgia. Forty-one subjects were included in the asymptomatic control group. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated from multiple logistic regression models that included the relevant risk factors. Results: Increased risk of myofascial pain with arthralgia was significantly associated with clenching (OR: 7.9, CI: 2.1-30), trauma (OR: 12.3, CI: 2.1-69.9), third molar extraction (OR: 3.7, CI: 1.1-12.6), and nonspecific physical symptoms (NPS) with pain (OR: 8.1, CI: 1.8-35.4). Increased risk of myofascial pain only was associated with clenching (OR: 5.5, CI: 1.3-23.3), trauma (OR: 13.2, CI: 2.2-77.5), and NPS with pain (OR: 6, CI: 1.3-26.7). Increased risk of arthralgia only was associated with trauma (OR: 9, CI: 1.8-45.4). Conclusion: A high proportion of subjects with painful TMD reported having clenching, trauma, NPS with and without pain, and depression.