Introduction: The use of ionizing radiation in medical imaging for diagnostic and interventional purposes has risen dramatically in recent years with a concomitant increase in exposure of patients and health workers to radiation hazards. Objective: To study the knowledge on radiation hazards and radiation protection among MBBS students in Dakshina Kannada district. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 134 medical students. The study comprised of administration of standardized semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of radiation hazards and radiation protection. Knowledge was scored, +1 was given for the correct answer and 0 for the incorrect answer. Scoring was done. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2016 software and descriptive statistics were expressed. Results: The participants were aged between 18 to 22 years above, most of them were females. 93.27% of subjects had good knowledge of radiation hazards. 78 % of subjects had good knowledge of radiation personal protective devices. 6 % of subjects had poor knowledge of both radiation hazards and radiation protection. Conclusion: In conclusion, the students in the present study had good knowledge of radiation hazards but show relatively poorer knowledge of radiation protection. We are recommended that the curriculum of medical college be expanded further to provide better exposure to radiation protection and its practice so that these students on graduation will be well-grounded with the best principle of radiation protection. This in turn helps in the protection of the patients, operator and public from the harmful effects of radiation.