Introduction: Numerous studies have shown that in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the clinical manifestations of this pathology often appear in an advanced stage of the disease when the patient needs pathogenetic therapy or substitution therapy. One of the necessary and important tasks of the preventive direction of nephrology is the identification and stratification of risk factors for the development and progression of CKD. Objective: To survey the population permanently living in rural areas for the early detection of CKD. Methods: Patients with microalbuminuria (MAU __ampersandsigngt;10 mg/L), which persisted for 3 months or more were examined. Results: It follows that screening studies for the detection of CKD in the rural population are justified. Besides, it seems to be the basis for primary prevention of CKD and the basis for the development of secondary prevention of CKD among rural residents. The next stage of research was clinical and laboratory studies in the identified contingent to establish an early diagnosis of CKD using simple, cheap, reliable, and effective laboratory diagnostic methods using urine analysis of the examined. Conclusion: The first feature was that with the increasing age of the surveyed, the incidence of CKD significantly increases. The second feature is a gender difference, where the incidence of CKD was 2.2 times higher in women (p __ampersandsignlt;0.05) compared with men. The third feature was that almost all surveyed rural women who suffered nephropathy and/or arterial hypertension during pregnancy were not observed at the place of residence (in primary health care) after discharge from maternity complexes or perinatal centres.