Introduction: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-__ampersandsignalpha;), a pro-inflammation cytokine, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus due to involving into the regulation of insulin signalling. Overproduction of this cytokine in metabolic syndrome is linked to TNF-__ampersandsignalpha; promoter gene G-308A polymorphism. Objective: The work was initiated to measure the serum TNF-__ampersandsignalpha; concentrations and to determine the frequency of the Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-__ampersandsignalpha;) gene G308A polymorphism in Uzbek patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus Uzbek patients were observed. Results: In the group with diabetes fasting blood glucose and the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were 2.7 and 1.6 times higher respectively (both p__ampersandsignlt;0.01). HDL cholesterol was reduced, while LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in diabetic group. There was a significant difference between the serum TNF-__ampersandsignalpha; concentration in people with and without DM. As to TNF-__ampersandsignalpha; gene G308A polymorphism in the sample under study, it was represented mostly by GG homozygous genotype to be registered among persons without diabetes (90.2%) and patients with type 2 DM (83.3%). GA heterozygous genotype occurred in 9.8% and 16.7% of non-diabetics and diabetics, respectively. In our study, pathological AA homozygous genotype was found neither among the diabetics nor in the controls. There were no significant differences in frequencies of alleles and genotypes of TNF__ampersandsignalpha; gene G308A polymorphism. In the diabetics, frequencies of A allele and GA genotype is insignificantly higher than those in the controls. Conclusion: In compare to non-diabetic controls, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher serum concentrations of TNF-__ampersandsignalpha;. However, in that small group association of A allele and GA genotype of TNF-__ampersandsignalpha; gene with a higher risk of DM2 were insignificant.