Background: Mutrashmari is one of the most common conditions in which stone formed in the urinary tract. The word Ashmari in Sanskrit denotes the stone or calculi and Mutra means urine which is carried by Mutravaha Srotas. According to Acharya Sushruta Mutrashmari is one among the Ashta Mahagada. Mutrashmari is dreadful and has the potential to disturb the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. Once it formed in the body it tends recurrence thus get difficult to cure __ampersandsignamp; hence Acharyas called it as Mahagada. In modern medical science, it can be correlated with Urinary Calculi or Urolithiasis based on their signs and symptoms. Factors like diet, water, climate, geographical conditions are responsible for the formation of calculi. Objectives: To compare etiological factors of Mutrashmari mentioned in Ayurveda and contemporary era. To put forth the recommendations based on study results. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at AVBRH, Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha. Total of 60 diagnosed patients selected by simple random sampling method was enrolled in the study. Patients were contacted and interviewed at urology OPD of AVBRH Sawangi (Meghe) twice a week with a semi structured questionnaire. The study will be conducted in 3 months during which data will be collected as per the questionnaire. Discussion: This cross-sectional study helps to provide data regarding etiological factors for Mutrashmari (Urolithiasis) from both Ayurveda and Contemporary view.