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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="healthcare" lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">IJCRR</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">I Journ Cur Res Re</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Current Research and Review</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">I Journ Cur Res Re</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn><issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3072</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi"/><article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"> http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2020.122112</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Healthcare</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sexual Dimorphism in Patients with COVID-19: Review&#13;
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>S</surname><given-names/></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>S</surname><given-names>Mittal</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>B</surname><given-names>Nanda</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>1)</volume><issue/><fpage>175</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The world is facing its biggest global crisis in the1 form of the nCoV-19 pandemic. Females have long been supposed to have stronger immunity against all diseases including the viruses and nCoV-19 seems to be part of a larger spectrum. The causes of less prevalence and mortality rates in females could range from a multitude of factors like stronger innate immunity to sex chromosomes to steroid hormones. Females under being diploid X chromosome undergo XCI which leads to varied manifestations of many immunomodulatory genes. The lower prevalence of COVID-19 in females could be attributable to lesser ACE2 receptors, biallelic expression of TLR7, Ddx3x, CD40L and CXCR3, higher IFN__ampersandsignrsquo;s, exaggerated expression of NEMO, IRAK1, JAK-STAT pathway, the higher number of macrophages, enhanced Th1 response and higher circulating antibodies in females. The major causes of death in a COVID-19 case has been reported to be ARDS, hypokalemia, respiratory failure, and multiorgan failure due to immune dysfunction. The increased expression of IL-6, CXCL-10, MCP-1, MIP-1__ampersandsignalpha;, CCL-14, and CCL-23 appear to tilt the balance in males towards an increased N/L Ratio leading to cytokine storm and ACE2 down-regulation progressing to hypokalemia, hypotensive shock and ARDS. Apart from the various protective effects existing in females in preventing the above complications, there is an upregulation of P53 and FOXP3 gene and a pro-apoptotic response which increases the Treg cells trying to bring back the female body to homeostasis.&#13;
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Coronavirus</kwd><kwd> COVID 19</kwd><kwd> Immunity</kwd><kwd> Interleukins</kwd><kwd> X chromosome inactivation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article>
