Introduction: Anthrax is a highly infectious, zoonotic disease occurring worldwide in domestic as well as wild herbivores. It is caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic and sporulating bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Humans and other secondary consumers are infected when they come in contact with contaminated animals or animal products and consume anthrax contaminated meat. The symptoms are manifested in the three forms namely cutaneous, gastrointestinal and inhalational, and result in high mortality. Objective: Timely detection and treatment of anthrax remain a big challenge for scientists and clinicians. The only way to prevent this disease is to vaccinate people living in maximum threat areas The present study is an attempt to compile available information on conventional anthrax vaccines, vaccines under development, and prospects of developing new anthrax vaccines along with their advantages and disadvantages. Conclusion: This review gives an insight into the cause and mechanism of anthrax infection, the current status of anthrax vaccines available in the market, vaccines under process and the need and future prospects of anthrax vaccine development. The need of the hour is to put in more concerted efforts towards development, testing and use of the new generation vaccines.