Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anthropometric characteristics and body composition components of the rural and urban children from Punjab. Methodology: Total 360 children (180 rural and 180 urban) of age between 12 to 18 years were selected to participate in the study. Height of the subjects was measured with the stadiometer. Body mass was assessed by using the portable weighing machine. Widths and diameters of body parts were measured by using digital caliper. Girths and lengths were taken with the flexible steel tape. Skinfold thicknesses were measured with the help of Harpenden skinfold caliper. Results: The results revealed that the rural children were significantly taller (p__ampersandsignlt;0.01) and heavier (p__ampersandsignlt;0.01) than the urban children. Body mass index was significantly higher (p__ampersandsignlt;0.05) in rural children as compared to urban children. The rural children also had significantly greater length measurements (p__ampersandsignlt;0.01), circumferences (p__ampersandsignlt;0.01) and diameters (p__ampersandsignlt;0.01) in comparison to urban children. The rural children possessed significantly higher lean body mass (p__ampersandsignlt;0.01) than the urban children. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is evident from the results that place of residence had impact on the anthropometric characteristics among the children.