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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="general-sciences" lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">IJCRR</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">I Journ Cur Res Re</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Current Research and Review</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">I Journ Cur Res Re</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn><issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">175</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi"/><article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>General Sciences</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>INVESTIGATION ON THE SOLAR CYCLE SIGNATURE ON THE HADLEY CIRCULATION BASED ON THE INTENSITY AND DURATION OF THE SOLAR CYCLE&#13;
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vedavathi</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ratnam</surname><given-names>M. Venkat</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rao</surname><given-names>V.V.M. Jagannadha</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rao</surname><given-names>N. Venkwateswara</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rao</surname><given-names>and S. VijayaBhaskara</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><volume>)</volume><issue/><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>It is well known that there are profound effects of solar cycle (SC) on the tropical deep convection and hence the atmospheric circulations. However, it is unknown how the intensity and duration of SC is going to affect the circulation patterns. In the present study, the effect of SC on the Hadley circulation (HC) is investigated based on intensity and duration of the SC using ERA-Interim dataset obtained during 1979-2012. Maximum and minimum SC is differentiated based on sunspot number (SSN) with cut-off at __ampersandsigngt;=100 and __ampersandsignlt;=20 for solar maximum and minimum, respectively. The duration of solar maximum (minimum) and its peak intensity are found decreasing (increasing) from SC 21 to SC 23. During solar maximum, convection shifts southward over South American and African (10oS) sectors and no convection over Indian and adjoining sectors. This feature, however, varies from cycle to cycle. It is found that SC with larger intensity causes the convection centres to shift to Pacific i.e. zonally (EW) and longer duration in SC causes the convective centres to shift to southward i.e. meridionally (NS). Mass stream function analysis reveals that the HC decreased in SC 22 compared to SC 21 and SC 23 against increase or no change in the pacific region. This is attributed to the persistence of high sunspot activity for a larger period. HC is relatively strong in SC 21suggesting the influence of solar activity is relatively more in SC 21 compared to SC 23. Even though the duration of SC 23 is more (12.6 years), the SSN is less (120.8) compared to the SC 21 (10.9 years with peak SSN 164). This strong and less period of solar activity might be the reason for relatively strong influence of solar activity on SC 21 compared to SC 23. In addition, the spotless days are very less during SC 21 (273 days) compared to SC 23 (821 days). Thus, it is observed that Southern Hemisphere HC is strongly influenced (reduced) during solar maximum which depends further on the duration and intensity. Less duration causes more influence on HC.&#13;
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Solar cycle</kwd><kwd> Convection</kwd><kwd> Hadley circulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article>
