Myths prevailing about diabetes in the society have become a major hurdle for its proper treatment and control1. Aim: To determine the myths and misconception about diabetes mellitus and its prevention and treatment among diabetic and non-diabetic population. Research Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted in a teaching hospital of Hyderabad (Deccan College of Medical Sciences) during April, May and June 2009. A self explained, semi-structured and pretested proforma was used to collect data from purposively selected 300 Diabetic and 300 Non diabetic patients who accompanied them while visiting this institute for their treatment. Information was collected regarding sociodemographic background and their myths and misconceptions regarding diabetes after oral, verbal and written consent. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Commonest myth among diabetic (40%) and non diabetic patients (71%) was that eating more sweets and sugar causes diabetes. Others were, diabetes is a contagious or inherited disease, diabetes can affect sexual life, insulin causes impotence and it is the only available cure for diabetes. Myths were significantly more common among females, non-diabetics and less educated group. 20 % of the diabetics and 29% of non diabetics were unaware of the complications of diabetes. 21% diabetics 29 % of non-diabetics were unaware of the role of diet in control of diabetes. Conclusion: The prevalence of myths about diabetes is high among both diabetic and non diabetic population which could be associated with poor health seeking behavior and poor compliance with treatment