Objectives: Many studies suggest that hypothyroidism should be suspected in patients who have anaemia with an unknown aetiology. Thus the study was conducted to find out the proportion of hypothyroidism in both anaemic and non-anaemic women of reproductive age group and to determine the association between anaemia and hypothyroidism, if any. Methods: A cross sectional study with case control design was carried out in 100 non-pregnant women of reproductive age group in a hospital in eastern India for a period of one year. The proportion of hypothyroidism in both the groups was estimated by measuring TSH. The association between anaemia and hypothyroidism were ascertained in both the groups by Pearson__ampersandsignrsquo;s Chi-Square test. Data analysis was also done using logistic regression. Results: The mean haemoglobin was 12.85 gm/dl in the non-anaemic population and 10.57 gm/dl in the anaemic population. The mean TSH was 2.81__ampersandsignmu;IU/ml in the non-anaemic population and 2.61__ampersandsignmu;IU/ml in the anaemic population. But there was no significant association between anaemia and hypothyroidism, which was one of the objectives. Logistic regression analysis showed that with increasing number of living issues, the risk of anaemia increases and the mode of delivery had a hazard ratio of 2.6. Conclusion: In our study, hypothyroidism did not show any significant association with anaemia thus, thyroid profile test may not be made mandatory in all anaemic women of reproductive age group to rule out hypothyroidism as its cause. In our study, risk factors for anaemia were found to be younger age group, caesarean mode of delivery and parity.