To know HIV seropositivity among known pulmonary tuberculosis individuals and sputum smear positivity for acid fast bacilli among known HIV seropositive individuals and to do a comparative study of Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Auramine-O staining. Methods: 500 symptomatic patients attending to Designated Microscopic Centre were screened for pulmonary tuberculosis by doing Ziehl-Neelsen staining of sputum samples. Sputum smear positive individuals were screened for HIV antibodies. 500 individuals attending to Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre were screened for HIV antibodies according to National AIDS Control Organization guidelines. HIV seropositive individuals were screened for pulmonary tuberculosis by doing Ziehl-Neelsen stain of sputum smear. Auramine O staining was done for randomly selected sputum samples. Results: Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 15.2 %, and among them 5.3 % were HIV seropositive. Incidence of HIV infection was 16.2 %, out of them two were having pulmonary tuberculosis. Out of 50 sputum smear samples selected randomly, 32 were positive for acid fast bacilli in Ziehl-Nelseen stain, 34 were positive by Auramine O stain. Conclusion: In the present study incidence of HIV infection among pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 5.2% and pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV infected individuals was 2.5%. Auramine O stain for detecting M. tuberculosis was more sensitive than Z-N stain.