There is significant paucity in the literature regarding serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles. Most standard textbooks mention conflicting views on the role of serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles in respiration. This study was aimed at providing a more accurate review about the serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles and their functional importance. For the preparation of this paper we consulted scientific articles published in English and textbooks. The articles were accessed from a basic search in PubMed database. Recent studies have shown that there is no electromyographic evidence supporting a role for either the serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles in respiration. These muscles may function primarily in proprioception and are clinically important.The serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles are considered to be source of myofascial pain, which presumably originates from trigger points within the muscles. Both muscles are implicated in chronic pain syndromes like idiopathic myalgia or painful shoulder syndrome and scapulocostal syndrome. Further investigation need to be done on these muscles to confirm their functional and clinical importance.