Objectives: To evaluate aqueous extract of Semecarpus Anacardium fruit for acute and sub-acute anti-inflammatory property in albino rats and compared with the reference drug indomethacin. Methods: For acute anti-inflammatory activity, the carrageenan induced rat paw oedema inhibition method was used and for sub-acute anti-inflammatory activity, cotton pellet granuloma method was used. Results: It was found that percentage reduction in the paw- oedema was 58.13% with Indomethacin, 48.83% and 53.48% with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg Semecarpus Anacardium extract. Reduction in the granuloma formation was 60.2% with Indomethacin, 54.7% and 56% with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg Semecarpus Anacardium extract respectively. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Semecarpus Anacardium fruit showed significant anti-inflammatory effect.