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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="healthcare" lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">IJCRR</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">I Journ Cur Res Re</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Current Research and Review</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">I Journ Cur Res Re</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn><issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1016</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi"/><article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Healthcare</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF LIVER DAMAGE IN SMOKELESS TOBACCO USERS&#13;
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alwar</surname><given-names>Velayutharaj</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>R.</surname><given-names>Ramesh</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>G.</surname><given-names>Niranjan</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kala</surname><given-names>Chandrahas</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>)</volume><issue/><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Smokeless tobacco is as dangerous as cigarette smoking. In fact, smokeless tobacco is equally addictive and carcinogenic. Damage to the antioxidant defence mechanism is noted in smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Even drug doses have to adjust to smokeless tobacco users as it affects the detoxifying capacity of the liver. We need more studies in south Indian population involving liver enzymes and oxidative stress parameters in ST users. Hence, we planned our study to find out whether ST induced liver damage can be detected in the initial stages by estimating the liver enzyme and MDA levels. In this study we included 30 individuals who were smokeless tobacco chewers and healthy controls. It was a prospective case control study performed in adult males between the ages 30 - 50 years. Subjects: Smokers and alcoholics were excluded from this study. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and MDA levels were estimated and compared using un-paired students t test between the two groups. The liver enzymes namely AST, ALT and ALP and GGT were significantly higher than healthy controls with a `p__ampersandsign#39; value __ampersandsignlt; 0.05. MDA level was significantly higher in ST chewers than healthy controls with a `p__ampersandsign#39; value __ampersandsignlt; 0.05. It is imperative to monitor liver enzymes in order to create an awareness on the hazards of using smokeless tobacco products among the Indian population. Smokeless tobacco is used has an alternative to cigarettes by poor people as it is less costly. Avoidance of tobacco chewing could avert many cancer deaths in India.&#13;
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>smokeless tobacco (ST) users</kwd><kwd> MDA</kwd><kwd> ALT</kwd><kwd> AST</kwd><kwd> ALP</kwd><kwd> GGT levels</kwd><kwd> Puducherry.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article>
