<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xml><ArticleSet><Article><Journal><PublisherName>Radiance Research Academy</PublisherName><JournalTitle>International Journal of Current Research and Review</JournalTitle><PISSN>2231-2196</PISSN><EISSN>0975-5241</EISSN><Volume/><Issue/><IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage><SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue><PubDate><Year>2026</Year><Month>March</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></Journal><ArticleType>Healthcare</ArticleType><ArticleTitle>&#xD;
	Three Invasive Plant Species in Benin: Ecological impact, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Pharmacological Activities, and Phytochemical Profile A Review&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	&#xA0;&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	&#xA0;&#xD;
&#xD;
</ArticleTitle><ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage><FirstPage>01</FirstPage><LastPage>10</LastPage><AuthorList><Author>Gile SINA BIO</Author><AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage><Author> Fifa Theomaine Diane BOTHON</Author><AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage><Author> Felicien AVLESSI</Author><AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage></AuthorList><DOI> https://doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2026.18501</DOI><Abstract>&#xD;
	Invasive plant species represent major ecological threats but may also provide valuable medicinal resources. This review aimed to assess the ecological impact, traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical composition of three invasive plant species in Benin: Chromolaena odorata, Hyptis suaveolens, and Leucaena leucocephala. A literature review was conduct ed using data from scientific databases and ethnobotanical sources. These plants exhibit diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic effects. These activities are associated with bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and essential oils. Despite their ecological harm, they are promising sources of therapeutic agents, highlighting the need for management strategies combining control and medicinal use..&#xD;
&#xD;
</Abstract><AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage><Keywords>Invasive plants, Phytochemistry, Ethnobotany, Sustainable use; Ecological control; Medicinal valorization</Keywords><URLs><Abstract>http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4896</Abstract><Fulltext>http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4896</Fulltext></URLs><References>&#xD;
	1. Dandjlessa J, Zossou N, Ezin B, Djenontin A, Ahanchede A. Facteurs de d&#xE9;veloppement des plantes invasives dans les sys t&#xE8;mes agricoles au B&#xE9;nin et implications pour une gestion dura ble. Rev Maroc Sci Agron Vet. 2022;10(1). https://www.agrima roc.org/index.php/actes_iavh2/article/view/1118 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	2. Ansong M, Pergl J, Essl F, Hejda M, van Kleunen M, Randall R, et al. Naturalized and invasive alien flora of Ghana. Biol Inva sions. 2019;21(3). doi:10.1007/s10530-018-1860-7. https://link. springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-018-1860-7 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	3. Paini DR, Sheppard AW, Cook DC, De Barro PJ, Worner SP, Thomas MB. Global threat to agriculture from invasive spe cies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(27). doi:10.1073/ pnas.1602205113. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/ PMC4941431/ &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	4. Vissoh P, Gb&#xE8;hounou G, Ahanch&#xE9;d&#xE9; A, Kuyper TW, R&#xF6;ling NG. Weeds as agricultural constraint to farmers in Benin: results of a diagnostic study. NJAS Wagening J Life Sci. 2004;52(3-4). doi:10.1016/S1573-5214(04)80019-8. https://library.wur.nl/ ojs/index.php/njas/article/view/339 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	5. Sakhraoui N, Metallaoui S, Chefrour A, Hadef A. La flore exotique potentiellement envahissante d&#x2019;Alg&#xE9;rie: premi&#xE8;re de scription des esp&#xE8;ces cultiv&#xE9;es en p&#xE9;pini&#xE8;res et dans les jardins. BASE. 2019;(2):63-73. doi:10.25518/1780-4507.17902. https:// popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=17902 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	6. Struhsaker TT, Struhsaker PJ, Siex KS. Conserving Africa&#x2019;s rain forests: problems in protected areas and possible solu tions. Biol Conserv. 2005;123(1):45-54. doi:10.1016/j.bio con.2004.10.007. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti cle/pii/S0006320704004276?via%3Dihub&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	7. Otabor JI, Egbon I, Toews MD, Uyi O. The double-edged sword: local perspectives on the spread, impact, management, and uses of the invasive Chromolaena odorata in southern Nigeria. Sus tainability. 2025;17(8):3514. doi:10.3390/su17083514. https:// www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/8/3514 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	8. Brooks ML, D&#x2019;Antonio CM, Richardson DM, Grace JB, Keeley JE, DiTomaso JM, et al. Effects of invasive alien plants on fire re gimes. BioScience. 2004;54(7):677-88. doi:10.1641/0006-3568( 2004)054[0677:EOIAPO]2.0.CO;2. https://bioone.org/journals/ BioScience/volume-54/issue-7/0006-3568(2004)054[0677:EO IAPO]2.0.CO;2/Effects-of-Invasive-Alien-Plants-on-Fire Regimes/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0677:EOIAPO]2.0. CO;2.full &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	9. Vital PG, Rivera WL. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Chromolaena odorata (L. f.) King &amp; Robinson and Uncaria per rottetii (A. Rich) Merr extracts. J Med Plants Res. 2009;3(7):511-18. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR.9000160 https://academicjournals. org/journal/JMPR/article-abstract/BD52A2014617 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	10. Suksamrarn A, Chotipong A, Suavansri T, Boongird S, Timsuk sai P, Vimuttipong S, et al. Antimycobacterial activity and cyto toxicity of flavonoids from the flowers of Chromolaena odorata. Arch Pharm Res. 2004;27(5):507-11. doi:10.1007/BF02980123. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02980123 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	11. Vaisakh MN, Pandey A. The invasive weed with healing proper ties: a review on Chromolaena odorata. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2012; 3(1):80-83. doi:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.3(1).80-83. https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/the-invasive-weed-with-healing properties-a-review-on-chromolaena-odorata &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	12. Ayyanar M, Ignacimuthu S. Herbal medicines for wound heal ing among tribal people in Southern India: ethnobotanical and scientific evidences. Int J Appl Res Nat Prod. 2009; 2(3):29-42. https://scholar.archive.org/fatcat/release/b2rlogtksvarxfwwq frkhd7s4e &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	13. Raina R, Prawez S, Verma PK, Pankaj NK. Medicinal plants and their role in wound healing. Vet Scan Online Vet Med J. 2008;3(1):1 7. https://www.vetscan.co.in/pdf/VetScan%202008%20Vol%20 3%20No%201.pdf &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	14. Owoyele VB, Adediji JO, Soladoye AO. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata. Inflammo Pharma cology. 2005;13(5-6):479-84. doi:10.1163/156856005774649386. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16280100/ PubMed&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	15. Vijayaraghavan K, Rajkumar J, Bukhari SNA, Al-Sayed B, Seyed MA. Chromolaena odorata: A neglected weed with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2017;15(3):1007-16. doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6133. https:// www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2017.6133&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	16. Phetburom N, Chopjitt P, Dulyasucharit R, Nontunha N, Daen prakhom K, Ongarj P, et al. Antimicrobial activity of Chromo laena odorata crude extracts against Streptococcus suis. Microb Pathog. 2025;206:107799. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107799. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40514001/ 17. Ogunniran A, Dauda O, Adeleke O, Omowaye M, Okon B, Dar amola F. Assessment of the nutritional, antioxidant and antimi crobial properties of Chromolaena odorata leaves. Biotechnol J Int. 2025;29(3):1-14. doi:10.9734/bji/2025/v29i3774. https:// journalbji.com/index.php/BJI/article/view/774 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	18. Cueva C, Moreno-Arribas MV, Mart&#xED;n-&#xC1;lvarez PJ, Bills G, Vi cente MF, Basilio A, et al. Antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids against commensal, probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. Res Mi crobiol. 2010;161(5):372-82. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2010.04.006. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20451604/ 19. Budha Magar A, Shrestha D, Pakka S, Sharma KR. Phytochem istry, biological, and toxicity study on aqueous and methanol ex tracts of Chromolaena odorata. Sci World J. 2023;2023:6689271. doi:10.1155/2023/6689271. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC10578980/ &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	20. Pisutthanan N, Liawruangrath B, Liawruangrath S, Baramee A, Apisariyakul A, Korth J, et al. Essential oil constituents from aerial parts of Chromolaena odorata from Thailand. Res Nat Prod. 2006;20(6):636-40. doi:10.1080/14786410500462678. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16835098/ 21. Zhang ML, Irwin D, Li XN, Sauriol F, Shi XW, Wang YF, et al. Agoniste du PPAR&#x3B3; issu de Chromolaena odorata. J Nat Prod. 2012;75(12):2076-81. doi:10.1021/np300386d. https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23186307/ &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	22. Keawpradub N, Houghton PJ, Eno-Amooquaye E, Burke PJ. Ac tivity of extracts and alkaloids of Thai Alstonia species against human lung cancer cell lines. Planta Med. 1997;63(2):97-101. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957621. https://www.thieme-connect.com/ products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2006-957621 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	23. Akomolafe GF, Ocheola WO, Rosazlina R, Ojija F, Xue S, Omomoh BE. Intraspecific functional traits of an invasive alien plant, Hyptis suaveolens, differ with respect to land use types. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):29877. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-06353-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40813409/ &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	24. Patra S, Kishore B, Kumar A, Saikia P. Distribution mapping of major invasive plant species of India and their role in ecosystem alteration: a systematic review. Discover Forests. 2025;1(1):49. doi:10.1007/s44415-025-00047-8. https://link.springer.com/ar ticle/10.1007/s44415-025-00047-8 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	25. Afreen T, Rajak P, Singh H. Invasion by Hyptis suaveolens mod ifies the effects of altered rainfall variability on nutrient cycling across seasons in a dry tropical grassland experiment. Ecosci ence. 2024;30(3-4):170-86. doi:10.1080/11956860.2024.23118 24. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11956860.20 24.2311824 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	26. Edeoga HO, Omosun G, Uche LC. Chemical composition of Hyptis suaveolens and Ocimum gratissimum hybrids from Nige ria. Afr J Biotechnol. 2006;5(10). https://www.ajol.info/index. php/ajb/article/view/42928 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	27. P&#xE5;lsson K, Jaenson TGT. Plant products used as mosquito repel lents in Guinea Bissau, West Africa. Acta Trop. 1999;72(1):39-52. doi:10.1016/S0001-706X(98)00083-7 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	28. Seyoum A, Kabiru EW, Lwande W, Killeen GF, Hassanali A, Knols BG. Repellency of live potted plants to Anopheles gam biae by human bait in semi-field experimental huts. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;67(2):191-5. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2002.67.191. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12389946/ &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	29. Abagale SA, Sackey I, Esuah MC, Lassey K. Comparative Mos quito Repellency of Dried Leaves of Hyptis Suaveolens, Cassia Obtusifolia, Striga Hermonthica from the Upper East Region of Ghana and Two Standard Repellants. J Asian Sci Res. 18 d&#xE9;c 2017;7(12):459-70. doi:10.18488/journal.2.2017.712.459.470 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	30. Priya MD. A review on the pharmacology and phytochemistry of folklore medicinal plant Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Int J Basic Appl Innov Res. 2015;4(4):108-17. https://www.ajol.info/ index.php/ijbair/article/view/133184 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	31. Machado FDF, Formiga R de O, Lima GR de M, de Jesus NZT, Alves J&#xFA;nior EB, Marinho AF, et al. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit protects colon from TNBS-induced inflammation via immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative mecha nisms. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;265:113153. doi:10.1016/j. jep.2020.113153 PubMed PMID:32702379. https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32702379/ &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	32. Oratai N. A survey of medicinal plants in mangrove and beach forests from Sating Phra Peninsula, Songkhla Province, Thai land. J Med Plants Res. 2012;6(12):2421-37. doi:10.5897/ JMPR11.1395. https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/arti cle-abstract/8F6E85234736&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	33. Kumar K, Abbas SG. Ethnomedicinal composition depends on floristic composition: a case study in Sal forests of Jharkhand. Int J Pharm Life Sci. 2012;3(5). https://openurl.ebsco.com/con tentitem/gcd:77782127 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	34. Rajashekar Perusomula, Shruthi Thamannagari, Gayathri Paturi, Ramesh Alluri. Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of Hyptis sua veolens seeds in rats. GSC Biol Pharm Sci. 2024;27(3):077-98. doi:10.30574/gscbps.2024.27.3.0225. https://gsconlinepress. com/journals/gscbps/sites/default/files/GSCBPS-2024-0225 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	35. Grassi P, Ur&#xED;as Reyes TS, Sosa S, Tubaro A, Hofer O, Zit terl-Eglseer K. Anti-inflammatory activity of two diterpenes of Hyptis suaveolens from El Salvador. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2006;61(3-4):165-70. doi:10.1515/ZNC-2006-3-402. https:// www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/znc-2006-3-402/ html &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	36. Vera-Arzave C, Antonio LC, Arrieta J, Cruz-Hern&#xE1;ndez G, Velasquez-Mendez AM, Reyes-Ram&#xED;rez A, et al. Gastropro tection of suaveolol, isolated from Hyptis suaveolens, against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in Wistar rats: role of pros taglandins, nitric oxide and sulfhydryls. Molecules (Basel). 2012;17(8):8917-27. doi:10.3390/molecules17088917. https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22836211/ &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	37. Babalola OO, Ojo OE, Oloyede FA. Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits. Res J Chem Sci. 2011;1(7):85-8. https://api-ir.oauife.edu.ng/server/api/core/ bitstreams/8a941355-9b48-40ee-8fda-6b644118f81b/content&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	38. Shenoy C, Patil MB, Kumar R. Wound healing activity of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae). Int J PharmTech Res. 2009;1(3):737-44. https://sphinxsai.com/ptvol3/pt=54,%20chi tra%20shenoy,%20(737-744).pdf &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	39. Oparaeke AM, Dike MC, Onu I. Control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) on stored cowpea with African Curry (Ocimum gratissimum L) and African Bush Tea (Hyptis suaveolens Poit) leaf powders. Niger J Entomol. 2002;19:99-108. doi:36108/ NJE/2002/91.0131. https://www.esnjournal.com.ng/download/ Vol_19/Vol_19_d13.pdf &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	40. Chukwuemenam F, Ivoke, Onyi L. Efficacy of Hyptis suaveo lens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae) against Anopheles gambiae. Anim Res Int. 2009;6(3):1072-6. https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/ uploads/2016/06/7.-Ivoke-et-al.pdf 41. Raja N, Jeyasankar A, Venkatesan SJ, Ignacimuthu S. Effica cy of Hyptis suaveolens against lepidopteran pests. Curr Sci. 2005;88(2):220 2. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24109807&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	42. Kumari JA, Prasad PRC. Assessing the allelopathy and auto toxicity effects of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Senna uniflo ra (Mill.) H.S. Irwin and Barneby, and Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Russ Rev Biol Invasions. 2018;9(3):290 8. doi:10.1134/ S2075111718030086. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/ S2075111718030086 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	43. Yapi AF, Kone HCK, Gue A, Kouame FAS. Effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (La miaceae) on seedlings of three cultivated species: Zea mays L. (Poaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), and Solanum ly copersicum L. (Solanaceae). J Exp Agric Int. 2024;46(11):598 604. doi:10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i113081. https://journaljeai.com/ index.php/JEAI/article/view/3081 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	44. Ezuluebo VC, Pam VA, Ombugadu A, Uzoigwe NR. Prophy lactic activity of ethanolic leaf extract from Hyptis suaveolens (bush mint) in Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss albino mice. Trans Sci Technol. 2022;9(4):194 203.: https://www.research gate.net/publication/369595979 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	45. Worku LA, Bachheti RK, Bisht SS, Bachheti A, Alemu WK. Ex ploring the Medicinal Potential of Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiace ae): A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemicals, Pharmaco logical Properties, and Drug Development Prospects. Nat Prod Commun [Internet]. nov 2024;19(11):1934578X241298919. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1934578X241298919 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	46. Lahlou M. Methods to study the phytochemistry and bioactivity of essential oils. Phytother Res. 2004;18(6):435 48. doi:10.1002/ ptr.1465. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15287066/&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	47. Mishra P, Sohrab S, Mishra SK. A review on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Fu ture J Pharm Sci. 2021;7(1):65. doi:10.1186/s43094-021-00219-1. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-021-00219-1 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	48. Ankitha V, Madhu H. Hyptis suaveolens: a comprehensive review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeu tic potential. Int J Res Pharm Allied Sci. 2025;4(2):64 73. doi:10.71431/IJRPAS.2025.4206. https://ijrpas.com/Abstract View.aspx?PID=2025-4-2-6 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	49. Moreira ACP, de Oliveira Lima E, Wanderley PA, Carmo ES, de Souza EL. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Hyptis Suaveolens (L.) Poit leaves essential oil against Aspergil lus species. Braz J Microbiol. 2010;41(1):28-33. doi:10.1590/ S1517-83822010000100006 PubMed PMID: 24031459; Pub Med Central PMCID: PMC3768604.&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	50. Sharma P, Kaur A, Batish DR, Kaur S, Chauhan BS. Critical insights into the ecological and invasive attributes of Leucae na leucocephala, a tropical agroforestry species. Front Agron. 2022;4:890992. doi:10.3389/fagro.2022.890992. https:// www.frontiersin.org/journals/agronomy/articles/10.3389/fa gro.2022.890992/full &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	51. Mureithi JG, Tayler RS, Thorpe W. The effects of alley crop ping with Leucaena leucocephala and of different manage ment practices on the productivity of maize and soil chemi cal properties in lowland coastal Kenya. Agrofor Syst. 1994;27(1):31-51. doi:10.1007/BF00704833. https://link. springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00704833 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	52. Radrizzani A, Dalzell SA, Shelton HM. Effect of environment and plant phenology on prediction of plant nutrient deficiency using leaf analysis in Leucaena leucocephala. Crop Pasture Sci. 2011;62(3). doi:10.1071/CP10114. https://www.sciencegate. app/document/10.1071/cp10114 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	53. Werema C, Wilson C. Avian use of habitat patches dominated by exotic Leucaena leucocephala or native tree species in ur ban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzan J Sci. 2022;48(2):402-13. doi:10.4314/tjs.v48i2.15. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjs/ article/view/226494 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	54. Mello TJ, de Oliveira AA. Making a bad situation worse: an in vasive species altering the balance of interactions between local species. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0152070. doi:10.1371/jour nal.pone.0152070. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC4807039/ &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	55. Banegas N, Viruel N, Radrizzani A. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in a Leucaena leucocephala silvopastoral system in the Chaco region, Argentina. IGC Proc 1985-2023. 2021; 53(3) doi.org/10.58149/6k46-de74 https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ igc/24/5/14 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	56. Yedomonhan H, Tossou M, Akeogninou A, Demenou B, Traore D. Diversit&#xE9; des plantes mellif&#xE8;res de la zone soudano guin&#xE9;enne: cas de l&#x2019;arrondissement de Manigri (Centre-Ouest du B&#xE9;nin). Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2009;3(2). doi:10.4314/ijbcs. v3i2.44514. http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/ view/44514 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	57. Marler TE, Dongol N, Cruz GN. Leucaena leucocephala and ad jacent native limestone forest habitats contrast in soil properties on Tinian Island. Commun Integr Biol. 2016;9(5):e1212792. do i:10.1080/19420889.2016.1212792. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC5100652/ &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	58. Saptawati T, Dahliyanti ND, Rachman PNR. Antibacterial Activity of Leucaena leucocephala Leaf Extract Ointment against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Pharmaciana. 2019;9(1):175-82. doi:10.12928/pharmaciana. v9i1.12328https://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/PHARMACIA NA/article/view/12328/pdf_117&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	59. Chang HC, Lee TH, Chuang LY, Yen MH, Hung WC. Inhibitory effect of mimosine on proliferation of human lung cancer cells is mediated by multiple mechanisms. Cancer Lett. 1999;145(1):1-8. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00209-8. https://www.sciencedi rect.com/science/article/pii/S0304383599002098 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	60. Hassan RA, Tawfik WA, Abou-Setta LM. The Flavonoid Con stitunts of Leucaena Leucocephala. Growing in Egypt, and Their Biological Activity. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2013;11(1):67-72. http :// dx . doi . org / 10 .4314 / ajtcam . v 11 i 1 .9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3957243/pdf/ AJT1101-0067.pdf &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	61. Chowtivannakul P, Srichaikul B, Talubmook C. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of seed extract from Leucaena leuco cephala (Lam.) de Wit. Agric Nat Resour. 2016;50(5):357-61. doi:10.1016/j.anres.2016.06.007. https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S2452316X16302447 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	62. Idowu SO, Adeyemo MA, Ogbonna UI. Engineering and vali dation of a novel lipid thin film for biomembrane modeling in lipophilicity determination of drugs and xenobiotics. J Biol Eng. 2009;3(1):14. doi:10.1186/1754-1611-3-14. https://link.spring er.com/article/10.1186/1754-1611-3-14 63. Chowtivannakul P, Srichaikul B, Talubmook C. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of seed extract from Leucaena leucoceph ala (Lam.) de Wit. Agric Nat Resour 2016;50(5):357-61. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anres.2016.06.007. https://li01.tci-thaijo. org/index.php/anres/article/view/244115. 64. Al-Magdey EMG, Tajaldeen WR, Alalwani BH. Anti-Can cer, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Leucaena leucocephala Seed Extract. Egypt J Med Microbiol. 2025. doi:10.21608/ejmm.2025.383916.1633. https://journals.ekb.eg/ article_432067_c391fcf177bb5922a97244e98dc2f5c5.pdf 65. Jones R, Hegarty M. The effect of different proportions of Leu caena leucocephala in the diet of cattle on growth, feed intake, thyroid function and urinary excretion of 3-hydroxy-4(1H) pyridone. Aust J Agric Res. 1984;35(2):317-26. doi:10.1071/ AR9840317. http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=AR9840317&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	66. Kato-Noguchi H, Kurniadie D. Allelopathy and allelochemi cals of Leucaena leucocephala as an invasive plant species. Plants (Basel). 2022;11(13):1672. https://www.mdpi.com/2223 7747/11/13/1672 67. Zayed MZ, Samling B. Phytochemical constituents of the leaves of Leucaena leucocephala from Malaysia. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;8(12):174-9. doi:10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.11582.: https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijpps/article/ view/11582 68. Min BR, Barry TN, Attwood GT, McNabb WC. The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: a review. Anim Feed Sci Tech nol. 2003;106(1-4):3-19. doi:10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00041 5. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S0377840103000415 69. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Micro biol Rev. 1999;12(4):564-82. doi:10.1128/cmr.12.4.564. https:// www.europepmc.org/articles/PMC88925&#xD;
&#xD;
</References></Article></ArticleSet><ArticleSet><Article><Journal><PublisherName>Radiance Research Academy</PublisherName><JournalTitle>International Journal of Current Research and Review</JournalTitle><PISSN>2231-2196</PISSN><EISSN>0975-5241</EISSN><Volume/><Issue/><IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage><SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue><PubDate><Year>2026</Year><Month>March</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></Journal><ArticleType>Healthcare</ArticleType><ArticleTitle>&#xD;
	Does Fontan Fenestration Improve Long-Term Outcomes in Single-Ventricle Patients? A Narrative Review of Survival, Fontan Failure, Thromboembolic Risk, and FALD&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	&#xA0;&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	&#xA0;&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	&#xA0;&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	&#xA0;&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	&#xA0;&#xD;
&#xD;
</ArticleTitle><ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage><FirstPage>11</FirstPage><LastPage>15</LastPage><AuthorList><Author>Michal Pawel Nowakowski</Author><AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage><Author> Pawel Gwalt</Author><AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage><Author> Aleksandra Musiol</Author><AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage><Author> Krzysztof Lukasz</Author><AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage><Author> Jakub Marzec</Author><AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage><Author> Magdalena Rakus</Author><AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage></AuthorList><DOI> https://doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2026.18502</DOI><Abstract>&#xD;
	This narrative review evaluates whether the creation or maintenance of a fenestration during Fontan completion influences long term outcomes in patients with single-ventricle physiology, including overall survival, freedom from Fontan failure, arterial oxygen desaturation, thromboembolic complications, and Fontan-associated liver disease. The screening process yielded 9 studies for narrative synthesis, including 8 primary studies and 1 meta-analysis. Across original studies, fenestration was not associated with a significant difference in overall survival or freedom from Fontan failure compared with non-fenestrated Fontan circulation or later fenestration closure. The most consistent long-term finding was persistent arterial oxygen desaturation in patients with an open fenestration, whereas evidence regarding thromboembolic events and Fontan-associated liver disease was mixed and requires cautious interpretation. Current evidence therefore suggests that Fontan fenestration should primarily be regarded as a strategy to reduce early postoperative morbidity rather than an intervention that reliably improves long-term survival or prevents late Fontan failure.&#xD;
&#xD;
</Abstract><AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage><Keywords>Fontan, Total cavopulmonary connection, TCPC, Single ventricle, Fenestration, Fenestrated, Long-term outcomes, Survival, FALD</Keywords><URLs><Abstract>http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4897</Abstract><Fulltext>http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4897</Fulltext></URLs><References>&#xD;
	1. Daley M, Buratto E, King G, Grigg L, Iyengar A, Alphon so N, et al. Impact of Fontan Fenestration on Long?Term Outcomes: A Propensity Score&#x2013;Matched Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(11):e026087. https://doi.org/10.1161/ JAHA.122.026087 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	2. Imielski BR, Woods RK, Mussatto KA, Cao Y, Simpson PM, Tweddell JS. Fontan fenestration closure and event-free surviv al. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145(1):183-187. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.006 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	3. Kim SJ, Kim WH, Lim HG, Lee JY. Outcome of 200 pa tients after an extracardiac Fontan procedure. J Thorac Car diovasc Surg. 2008;136(1):108-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jtcvs.2007.12.032 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	4. Ozawa H, Hoashi T, Ohuchi H, Kurosaki K, Ichikawa H. Long Term Outcomes After Fenestration Closure in High-Risk Fontan Candidates. Pediatr Cardiol. 2021;42(6):1356-1364. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00246-021-02619-9 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	5. Gozzi A, Vedovelli L, Bergonzoni E, Cao I, Angeli E, Zanoni R, et al. Fontan-Associated Liver Disease (FALD) in the EU ROFontan Experience. An Insight into European Awareness. Pediatr Cardiol. 2026;47(1):397-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00246-025-03781-0 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	6. Ko H, Song J, Chi SA, Lee SY, Kim SJ, Lee CH, et al. The long term effects of the fenestration in patients with extracardiac Fon tan circulation&#x2014;a multicenter Korean cohort study based on na tional Fontan registry. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1341882. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2024.1341882 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	7. Dib N, Samuel M, Levesque S, Zaidi A, Cohen S, Opotovsky AR, et al. Impact of Fontan Fenestration on Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Multicentre Study. Can J Cardiol. 2024;40(9):1606 1615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2024.01.031 &#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	8. Hudson S, George-Durrett K, Parra D, Soslow J. Longitudinal CMR changes in dTGA patients after atrial switch. J Cardio vasc Magn Reson. 2025;27:101146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jocmr.2024.101146&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
&#xD;
	9. Li D, Li M, Zhou X, An Q. Comparison of the fenestrated and non-fenestrated Fontan procedures: A meta-analysis. Medi cine (Baltimore). 2019;98(29):e16554. https://doi.org/10.1097/ MD.0000000000016554&#xD;
&#xD;
</References></Article></ArticleSet></xml>
