Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411816EnglishN2026August30Life Sciences Qualifying Users, Ranking Rights: Water-Access Conflicts in the Bama Plain, Burkina Faso         English0108Yamba SiriEnglish Souleymane KarambiriEnglish Yacouba TengueriEnglish Introduction: This article examines how the institutional arrangements governing the Bama irrigated plain (Burkina Faso), against a backdrop of climate variability, produce differentiated categories of water users, rank their access rights, and fuel conflicts of legitimacy. Methods: The study draws on a qualitative, socio-anthropological research design combining documentary research, direct observation and thirty-nine semi-structured interviews conducted in May 2026 with key actors in local water governance. Results: The findings show that the distinction between ‘on-scheme’ and ‘off-scheme’ farmers is a social and institutional con struction that structures power relations around the resource. Conflicts thus appear less as a direct consequence of climate vari ability than as struggles over the qualification and legitimation of water uses. According to participants’ accounts, these tensions are fuelled by unequal access, weak institutional arrangements (cooperatives, the Local Water Committee) and the deterioration of hydraulic infrastructure. Conclusion: Rehabilitating infrastructure is unlikely to ease these tensions durably unless it is accompanied by governance that recognises the different categories of users. The article calls for a concerted water-allocation framework that takes climate risk into account. 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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411816EnglishN2026August30Life Sciences Effect of Natural Extract Sodium Gluconate and EDTA on Smear Layer Removal and Dentinal Erosion: A SEM Analysis     English0913HimanshiEnglish Renu Bala SroaEnglish Baljeet SidhuEnglish Bhoop SinghEnglish Ravneet KaurEnglish Navjot MannEnglish Jasbir KaurEnglish Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of natural extract sodium gluconate and 17% EDTA on smear layer removal and dentinal erosion of root canal walls. Method: Thirty extracted human premolar teeth were decoronated at the CEJ. Biomechanical preparation was done using Protaper gold rotary file till F3 and divided into two groups of fifteen teeth each. Group I will be treated with final irrigation of 17% EDTA and Group II with 16% sodium gluconate. The samples will be sectioned longitudinally and examined under SEM at 1000x magnification for smear layer removal and 5000x magnification for dentinal erosion. The images obtained at three levels will be analysed and scored for smear layer removal and dentinal erosion. Statistical analysis for both groups was done using Mann–Whitney U test. Results: No statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in smear layer removal in the coronal, middle and apical third of the root canal (p value >0.05). The comparison of dentinal erosion between Group 1 and Group 2 indicating a highly statistically significant difference between the two groups (p value EnglishEDTA, Sodium Gluconate, Sodium Hypochlorite, Scanning Electron Microscopehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4921http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4921 1. 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Kfir, A, Goldenberg, C, Metzger, Z, Hülsmann, M and Baxter, S, 2020 ‘Cleanliness and erosion of root canal walls after ir rigation with a new HEDP-based solution vs traditional sodium hypochlorite followed by EDTA A scanning electron microscope study’ Clin Oral Investig, vol.24, pp.3699-3706 13. Pace, R, Di Nasso, L, Tauro, L, Nizzardo, A, Pagavino, G and Giuliani, V, 2020 ‘Analysis of dentinal erosion and removing smear layer of different irrigation protocols: an in vitro study’ G. Ital. Endod., vol.34, no.2, pp.18-24. 14. Paul, J, Prakash, V, Mensudar, R, Sukumaran, VG, Subbiya, A and Mitthra, S, 2021. ‘Evaluation Of Three Root Canal Irrigants In Their Ability To Remove Smear Layer With Significantly Least Erosion–A SEM Analysis’ Int Jour Aquat Sci,, vol.12, no.3, pp.2045-2054. 15. Vemuri, S, Kolanu, SK, Varri, S, Pabbati, RK, Penumaka, R and Bolla, N, 2016, ‘Effect of different final irrigating solutions on smear layer removal in apical third of root canal: A scanning electron microscope study’. Jour Conserv Dent End, vol.19, no.1, pp.87-90.