Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241187EnglishN2026April15Healthcare Investigation of Serotonin (5-HT) Mediated Mechanism in Diet-induced Obesity using a Rodent Model Supplemented with Neolamarckia cadamba Extract English0107Mosarrat JahanEnglish Jitendra BanveerEnglish Abhishek SrivastavaEnglish Farhat JahanEnglish Priti KumariEnglish Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disorder linked to dysregulated energy balance and heightened cardiometabolic risk. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is a pivotal regulator of appetite, lipid handling and thermogenesis, and imbalance be tween central and peripheral 5-HT pools favours weight gain. Neolamarckia cadamba, a Rubiaceae plant rich in indole alkaloids, is traditionally used for metabolic ailments, but its anti-obesity potential via serotonergic pathways is not well defined. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a standardized N. cadamba extract on central and peripheral 5-HT signalling and related metabolic outcomes in high-fat-diet (HFD) induced obese rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were rendered obese by HFD feeding and then treated orally with graded doses of N. cadamba extract; lorcaserin served as a 5-HT2 C agonist reference. Body weight, food intake, adiposity index, oral glucose tolerance, in sulin sensitivity and serum lipid profile were recorded. Serotonin levels in hypothalamus and peripheral tissues were quantified, alongside expression of 5-HT2 C–POMC axis genes and TPH1-linked thermogenic markers. Liver and adipose tissues were examined histologically. Results: N. cadamba produced a dose-dependent reduction in body-weight gain and food intake, approaching the effect of lorcaserin. The extract improved dyslipidemia and glucose homeostasis and reduced visceral fat deposition. Mechanistically, treatment enhanced hypothalamic 5-HT activity and 5-HT2 C–POMC signalling, while suppressing peripheral 5-HT and TPH1 expression, a pattern consistent with enhanced satiety and activation of brown-adipose-tissue thermogenesis. Hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy observed in HFD controls were markedly attenuated in extract-treated groups. Conclusion: These findings indicate that standardized N. cadamba exerts anti-obesity effects through dual serotonergic modu lation—stimulating central 5-HT2 C-mediated anorectic signalling while concomitantly dampening lipogenic peripheral 5-HT syn thesis. This dual-axis action, together with favourable metabolic and histological outcomes, supports N. cadamba as a promising plant-based candidate for safer obesity interventions. These preclinical data warrant isolation of active alkaloids and longer-term safety evaluation in models. 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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241187EnglishN2026April15Healthcare The Impact of Lipid Disorders on Heart Failure: Pathophysiology, Treatment Strategies, and the Potential Role of Statins     English0815Anna NowickaEnglish Anna WojtasEnglish Paulina KryszpinEnglish Jakub SzydloEnglish Heart failure (HF) is a major cardiovascular syndrome with heterogeneous pathophysiology, and dyslipidemia may contribute to its development and progression through atherosclerotic, inflammatory, endothelial, and metabolic mechanisms. This narrative review aimed to evaluate the relationship between lipid disorders and HF, with particular emphasis on the potential role of statin therapy in different HF phenotypes. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, and relevant original articles, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines published in English between 2000 and 2025 were reviewed. Available evidence indicates that the effects of statins in HF are phenotype- and stage-dependent. Large randomized trials did not demonstrate significant mortality benefit in advanced HF, es pecially in patients with reduced ejection fraction. However, observational studies and meta-analyses suggest potential benefit in selected subgroups, including patients with earlier-stage HF, ischemic heart disease, left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40%, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis. These effects may be partly explained by the pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and endothelial-protective properties of statins. In conclusion, statin therapy does not appear to provide uniform benefit across all HF populations, but it may have clinical value in selected patients, particularly in earlier disease stages and in metabolically driven HF phenotypes. EnglishChronic kidney disease, Dyslipidemia; Heart failure, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, Inflammation, Statinshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4901http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4901 1. Otsuka T, Takada H, Nishiyama Y, Kodani E, Saiki Y, Kato K, et al. Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Developing Hypertension in a Working-Age Male Population. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Mar 25;5(3):e003053. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.003053. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27016576/ 2. Nickenig G, Bäumer AT, Temur Y, Kebben D, Jockenhövel F, Böhm M. Statin-sensitive dysregulated AT1 receptor function and density in hypercholesterolemic men. 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