Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411710EnglishN2025May29Healthcare Nanotechnology in Sepsis: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advancements     English0107Priyankar BhooshanEnglish Nisha V MEnglish Sona SEnglish Introduction: Sepsis is a global health emergency marked by a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Timely diagnosis and effective treatment are critical but remain challenging due to the limitations of conventional diagnostics, such as blood cultures and standard biomarkers (CRP, PCT), which often lack sensitivity, specificity, and rapid turnaround. Objective/Aim: To systematically review recent advancements in nanotechnology-based diagnostics and therapeutics for the improved management of sepsis. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed literature was conducted, focusing on the application of various nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in sepsis diagnostics and therapy. Key technologies included magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and hybrid nanoplatforms. Results: Nanomaterials have demonstrated high potential in enhancing sepsis diagnostics through ultra-sensitive, specific, and real-time biosensing of host and microbial biomarkers. These platforms support multiplexed and point-of-care detection. In therapeutics, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems and biomimetic carriers have improved targeted delivery, pharmacokinetics, and immune modulation. These innovations are particularly significant in the context of rising antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion: Nanotechnology offers transformative potential in sepsis care by enabling early diagnosis and personalized treatment. However, challenges related to regulatory approval, safety, scalability, and clinical translation must be addressed. Integrating these technologies into standard care pathways could significantly improve outcomes in diverse healthcare settings. EnglishSepsis, Nanotechnology, Nanodiagnostics, Nanotherapeutics, Biosensors, Antimicrobial Resistance, Point-of-care testing, Targeted Drug Deliveryhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4857http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4857 1. Makabenta JMV, Nabawy A, Li C-H, Schmidt-Malan S, Patel R, Rotello VM. Nanomaterial-based therapeutics for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(1):23– 36. 2. Pant A, Mackraj I, Govender T. Advances in sepsis diagnosis and management: a paradigm shift towards nanotechnology. J Biomed Sci. 2021;28(1):6. 3. Xiang L, Akakuru OU, Xu C, Wu A. Harnessing the intriguing properties of magnetic nanoparticles to detect and treat bacterial infections. Magnetochemistry. 2021;7(8):112. 4. Liu Y, Li Y, Zhou C, Shi L. Recent advances and prospects in nanomaterials for bacterial sepsis management. J Mater Chem  B. 2023. doi:10.1039/D3TB02220J. 5. Taranova NA, Urusov AE, Sadykhov EG, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Bifunctional gold nanoparticles as an agglomeration-enhancing tool for highly sensitive lateral flow tests: a case study with procalcitonin. Microchim Acta. 2017;184:4189–4195. 6. Sibuyi NRS, Moabelo KL, Fadaka AO, Meyer S, Onani MO,  Madiehe AM, et al. Multifunctional gold nanoparticles for improved diagnostic and therapeutic applications: a review. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2021;16:174. 7. Papafilippou L, Claxton A, Dark P, Kostarelos K, HadjidemetriouM. Nanotools for sepsis diagnosis and treatment. Adv Healthc Mater. 2021;10:2001378. 8. Driskell JD, Tripp RA. Emerging technologies in nanotechnology- based pathogen detection. Clin Microbiol Newsl. 2009;31:137–144. 9. Tang X, Xia W, Han H, Wang Y, Wang B, Gao S, Zhang P. Dualfluorescent quantum dot nanobead-based lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous detection of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2024;7:7659–7665. 10. Yang X, Liu X, Gu B, Liu H, Xiao R, Wang C, Wang S. Quantitative and simultaneous detection of two inflammation biomarkers via a fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay using dual-color SiO2@QD nanotags. Microchim Acta. 2020;187:570. 11. Klostranec JM, Xiang Q, Farcas GA, Lee JA, Rhee A, Lafferty EI, et al. Convergence of quantum dot barcodes with microfluidics and signal processing for multiplexed high-throughput infectious disease diagnostics. Nano Lett. 2007;7:2812–2818. 12. Shalileh F, Shamani N, Golbashy M, Dadmehr M, Hosseini M. Synergistic applications of quantum dots and magnetic nanomaterials in pathogen detection: a comprehensive review. Nanotechnology. 2024;36:052002. 13. Claxton A, Papafilippou L, Hadjidemetriou M, Kostarelos K, Dark P. The challenge of recognising sepsis: future nanotechnology solutions. J Intensive Care Soc. 2020;21:241–246. 14. Chin LK, Yang JY, Benjamin C, Sunghoon J, Kim DG, Kim D et al. Dual-enhanced plasmonic biosensing for point-of-care sepsis detection. ACS Nano. 2023 Feb 28;17(4):3610-3619. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10371. Epub 2023 Feb 6. 15. Hiroyuki K, Anna O, Yu H, Yuri K, Keiichi Y, Kazuhiro S et al.m Synthetic hydrogel nanoparticles for sepsis therapy. Nat Commun. 2021;12:5552. 16. Hui Y, Feiyang J, Di L, Gaofeng S, Xiaojuan W, Jing Q, Mingchen S et al. ROS-responsive nano-drug delivery system combining mitochondria-targeting ceria nanoparticles with atorvastatin for acute kidney injury. Theranostics. 2020;10:2342–2357. 17. Vieira ACC, Chaves LL, Pinheiro M, Lima SC, Neto PJR, Ferreira D, et al. Lipid nanoparticles coated with chitosan using a one-step association method to target rifampicin to alveolar macrophages. Carbohydr Polym. 2021;252:116978. 18. Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, Morimoto K. Efficient drug targeting to rat alveolar macrophages by pulmonary administration of ciprofloxacin incorporated into mannosylated liposomes for treatment of respiratory intracellular parasitic infections. J Control Release. 2008;127:50–58. 19. Saúde AC, Ombredane AS, Silva ON, Barbosa JA, Moreno SE, Guerra Araujo AC, et al. Clavanin bacterial sepsis control using a novel methacrylate nanocarrier. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:5055–5069. 20. Thamphiwatana S, Angsantikul P, Escajadillo T, Zhang Q, Olson J, Luk BT, et al. Macrophage-like nanoparticles concurrently absorbing endotoxins and proinflammatory cytokines for sepsis management. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114(43):11488–93.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411710EnglishN2025May29Healthcare A Clinical Profile of Pancytopenia in Person Who Consumes Alcohol   English0812Srinivasan GovindanEnglish Dhiinesh CJEnglish Ramasamyraja PEnglish Introduction: Pancytopenia refers to a reduction in all three major blood cell lines—red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Chronic alcohol consumption is a potential but often overlooked cause, due to its direct bone marrow toxicity and association with nutritional deficiencies. The aim is to enhance understanding of the clinical profile in this subset of patients, which could aid in earlier recognition and tailored intervention. Aim/Objectives: To assess the clinical and hematologic profile of pancytopenia among individuals who consume alcohol. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 patients with a history of alcohol intake and diagnosed with pancytopenia. Clinical symptoms, dietary habits, and hematologic parameters were evaluated. Peripheral smear and bone marrow findings were analysed. Results: Of the 100 patients, 92% were male. The majority were aged 30–40 years. Fatigue and dyspnoea were the most common presenting complaints. Peripheral smear revealed macrocytes, elongated cells, teardrop cells, both microcytes and macrocytes. Bone marrow examination revealed features such as hypocellularity, erythroid hyperplasia, and megaloblastic changes. A statistically significant difference in platelet count was noted across age groups (p = 0.020). Conclusion: Alcohol-induced pancytopenia is a clinically relevant condition, especially in young adult males. Recognition of alcohol consumption as a potential cause is essential for timely diagnosis and management. Macrocytic anaemia and dimorphic marrow findings are characteristic in this population. EnglishMCV (mean corpuscular volume), LFT (liver function test), ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), HPE (Histopathological examination), RBC (red blood cell), WBC (white blood cell), HB (haemoglobin).http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4858http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4858 1. Eichner ER, Buchanan B, Smith JW, Hillman RS. Variation in the hematologic and medical status of alcoholics. Am J Med Sci. 1972 Jan; 263(1):35-42. 2. Wu A, Chanarin I, Slavin G, Levi AJ. Folate deficiency in the  alcoholic--its relationship to clinical and haematological abnormalities, liver disease and folate stores. Br J Haematol, 1975 Mar;29(3):469-78. PMID: 1191558. 3. Hillman RS, Steinberg SE. The effects of alcohol on folate metabolism. Annu Rev Med. 1982:33:345-54. doi: 10.1146/annurev. me.33.020182.002021. 4. Junie Li Chun W, Juan Carlos A-V, Tim S. Heart, liver and spleen pathology in chronic alcohol and drug users. J Forensic Leg Med. 2008;15(3):141-147. 5. Ballard HS. The hematological complications of alcoholism. Alcohol Health Res World. 1997; 21(1):42–52. 6. Fragasso A, Mannarella C, Ciancio A, Sacco A. Functional vitamin B12 deficiency in alcoholics: An intriguing finding in a retrospective study of megaloblastic anemic patients. Eur J Intern Med. 2010; 21(2):97-100. 7. Lindenbaum J, Roman MJ. Nutritional anemia in alcoholism. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980;33(12):2727-2735. 8. McCurdy PR, Pierce LE, Rath CE. Abnormal Bone-Marrow Morphology in Acute Alcoholism. N Engl J Med. 1962; 266:505-507. 9. Mangla G, Garg N, Bansal D, Kotru M, Sikka M. Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings in chronic alcoholics with special reference to acquired sideroblastic anemia. Indian J Hematol  Blood Transfus. 2019; 36(3):559-564. 10. Johnson JT, Hussain MA, Cherian KE, Kapoor N, Paul TV. Chronic alcohol consumption and its impact on bone and metabolic health – a narrative review. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2022; 26(3):206-212. 11. Thomas J, John JW, Davies AR, Duffey PH, Bramschreiber JL. Bone marrow-erythroid morphology in alcoholic patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 1967; 20(7):716-722.