Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241178EnglishN2025April28Healthcare Faecal Microbiota Transplantation: From Historical Curiosity to Standard Therapy for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection English0104Swathi GurajalaEnglish Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has evolved from a marginal concept to a prevalent therapeutic intervention, particularly for individuals with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). FMT addresses the root cause of dysbiosis, a critical aspect of CDI pathogenesis, by re-establishing a healthy intestinal microbiota via the transplantation of donor stool. The objective of this mini review is to provide an overview of the history of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), encompassing its clinical validation, regulatory progression, evolving safety profile, and emerging position in next-generation microbial therapies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials, and regulatory documents on faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Selection focused on sources addressing clinical efficacy, safety, regulatory status, and emerging microbial therapies for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has a cure rate over 90% in certain studies, and can be administered by several methods. The FDA has granted conditional regulatory approval within its enforcement discretion. Although FMT shows high success rates, there are increasing concerns about the risk of transmitting harmful bacteria—such as STEC and EPEC—and the uncertain long-term effects these microbes may have on the recipient’s gut health and immune system. Researchers are currently concentrating on standardized microbial consortia that may more precisely and securely reproduce the advantages of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT represents a significant shift in the treatment of CDI and has paved the way for microbiome-based medicine. Long-term safety surveillance, explicit protocols, and the development of precisely specified microbial therapies will be crucial for future success. Englishfaecal microbiota transplantation, gut dysbiosis, recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, microbial therapies, microbiome engineering, regulatory microbiology, microbiota-host relationshiphttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4851http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4851 1. Eiseman B, Silen W, Bascom GS, Kauvar AJ. Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Surgery. 1958 Nov; 44(5):854-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih  gov/13592638/ 2. van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, Fuentes S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM , et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 31; 368(5):407-15. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1205037 3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Important safety alert regarding use of fecal microbiota for transplantation and risk of serious adverse events. Published 2022. Accessed June 2025. https://www.fda.gov 4. Youngster I, Russell GH, Pindar C, Ziv-Baran T, Sauk J, Hohmann EL. Oral, capsulized, frozen fecal microbiota transplantation for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection. JAMA. 2014 Nov 5;312(17):1772-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.13875 5. Kao D, Roach B, Silva M, Beck P, Rioux K, Kaplan GG, et al. Effect of Oral Capsule- vs Colonoscopy-Delivered Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Nov 28;318(20):1985- 1993. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.17077 6. Hvas CL, Dahl Jørgensen SM, Jørgensen SP, Storgaard M, Lemming L, Hansen MM, et al. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Superior to Fidaxomicin for Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection. Gastroenterology. 2019 Apr;156(5):1324- 1332.e3. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.019 7. Kelly CR, Yen EF, Grinspan AM, Kahn SA, Atreja A, Lewis JD, et al. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Highly Effective in Real-World Practice: Initial Results From the FMT National Registry. Gastroenterology. 2021 Jan; 160(1):183-192.e3. https:// doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.038 8. Paramsothy S, Kamm MA, Kaakoush NO, Walsh AJ, van den Bogaerde J, Samuel D, et al. Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Mar 25;389(10075):1218- 1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30182-4 9. Mullard A. FDA approves second microbiome-based C. difficile therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2023 Jun;22(6):436. https://doi. org/10.1038/d41573-023-00081-1 10. Khanna S, Sims M, Louie TJ, Fischer M, LaPlante K, Allegretti J, et al . SER-109: An Oral Investigational Microbiome Therapeutic for Patients with Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection (rCDI). Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Sep 10;11(9):1234. https:// doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091234 11. Charles S Berenson, Bret Lashner, Louis Y Korman, Elizabeth Hohmann, Abhishek Deshpande, Thomas J Louie, et al. Prevalence of Comorbid Factors in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in ECOSPOR III, a Randomized Trial of an Oral Microbiota–Based Therapeutic. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Nov 30;77(11):1504-1510. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad448

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241178EnglishN2025April28Healthcare Endogenous Perceptions of the Use of Parkia Biglobosa Pods in Weed Control in the South Sudanian Zone of Burkina Faso     English0511Sourabie SoumailaEnglish Thiombiano CelestinEnglish Tahirou Moussa SeydouEnglish Ouattara Ya Sadia RabiatouEnglish Sourabié Soumaïla, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Englishallelopathy, weed, pod, agroecosystem, cereals, biological controlhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4853http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4853 1. Traoré L, Ouédraogo I, Ouédraogo A, Thombiano A. Perceptions, uses and vulnerability of woody plant resources in the Southwest of Burkina Faso Perceptions, uses and vulnerability of woody plant resources in the Southwest of Burkina Faso. Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2011;5(1):258-278. doi:10.4314/ijbcs. v5i1.68103 2. Ahn J, Chung I. Allelopathic potential of rice hulls on germination and seedling growth of barnyardgrass. Agron J. 2000;92:1162-1167. 3. Sambaré O, Bognounou F, Wittig R, Thiombiano A. Woody species composition, diversity and structure of riparian forests of four watercourses types in Burkina Faso. J For Res. 2011;22(2):145-158. doi:10.1007/s11676-011-0143-2 4. Muliele T, Manzenza C, Ekuke L. Use and management of pesticides in market gardening: the case of the Nkolo area in the province of Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of Congo. J Appl Biosci.2017;119:11954 11972. 5. Touré A, Ipou Ipou J, Adou yao C, Boraud M, N’guessan E. Weed Floristic diversity and degree of weed infestation in agroecosystems surrounding the Sanaimbo classified forest in eastcentral Côte d’Ivoire. Agron Afr. 2008;20(1):13-22. 6. Settle W, Soumaré M, Sarr M, Garba MH, Poisot AS. Reducing pesticide risks to farming communities: cotton farmer field schools in Mali. Biotech, Agro, Soc Env. 2014;369 (1639):20120277. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0277 7. Bailey K. The bioherbicide approach to weed control using plant pathogens. In D. P. Abrol (Ed.), In integrated pest management: current concepts and ecological perspective. Elsevier Inc. 2014; 245–266 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12- 398529- 3.00014-2 8. Smith M, Valverde B, Fonseca A, Merayo J. Integrated management of itchgrass in a corn cropping system: Modelling the effect of control tactics. Weed Sci. 2001;49:123-134. 9. Bouhaouel I, Gfeller A, Fauconnier M, Rezgui S, Slim Amara H, du Jardin P. Allelopathic and autotoxicity effects of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) root exudates. Biocontrol. 2015;60:425-436. 10. Koleramungu OC, Mirindi TC, Rudahaba N. Use of insecticidal plants in the fight against the common bean fly (Genus: Ophiomyia) in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Int J Innov Appl Stud. 2018;24(1):255-268. 11. Titanji V, Zofou D, Ngemenya M. The antimalarial potential of medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Cameroonian folk medicine. African J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008;5(3):302-312. 12. Kalonda E, Mbayo M, Muhume S. Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used against malaria in Lubumbashi city (D.R. Congo). J Adv Bot Zool. 2014;1(2):1-8. 13. Tingu C, Mathunabo A. Analysis of the socio-economic and food situation of househ olds in the provinces of North and South Ubangi in the DRC. Rev Mar Sci Agron. 2019;7:203-211. 14. About M, Bensellam EL, Moutiq R, Elyacoubi H, Rochdi A. Allelopathic effect of some medicinal plants on the germination of seeds of Phalaris canariensis L. and Lactuca sativa L. Rev. Marocaine prot des plantes. 2019;(13):1-7. 15. Maroun L. Study of the perception of weeds and exotic plantspecies by the population of agricultural environments in Ivory Coast, the example of Chromolaena odorata. 2017:72. 16. Mboup S, Mbaye Mame S, Sidybé M, Sylla Samba N. Effect of Gliricidia sepium (jacq.) walp leaf extracts on the germination of millet (Pennisetum glaucum) seeds and weed species from Senegal. Int. J. Curr. Res. 2019;11(11):8010-8015. doi:DOI: https:// doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.37033.11.2019 17. Cordeau S, Triolet M, Wayman S, Steinberg C, Guillemin J. Bioherbicides: dead in the water? A review of the existing products for integrated weed management. Crop Prot. 2016;87:44-49. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2016.04.016 18. Diouf N, Mbaye M, Gueye M, Dieng B, Bassene C, Noba K. Weed flora of cotton crops in Eastern Senegal and Upper Casamance. Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2019;13(3):1720-1736. 19. Kong C, Chen X, Hu F, Zhang S. Breeding of commercially acceptable allelopathic rice cultivars in China. Pest Manag Sci. 2011;67:1100-1106. 20. Hegab M, Khodary S, Hammouda O, Ghareib H. Autotoxicity of chard and its allelopathic potentiality on germination and some metabolic activities associated with growth of wheat seedlings. African J Biotechnol. 2008;7(7):884-892.