Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411620EnglishN2024October30Life Sciences A Comparative Study of Menstrual Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among International and Government School going Adolescent Girls in Delhi     English0109Swapna SarangiEnglish Mary Vibha LakraEnglish Sujata GautamEnglish Sunita MondalRajiv BandhuEnglish Introduction: Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) involves using clean absorbents, maintaining body hygiene, and practicing safe disposal methods. This study aimed to compare the knowledge and MHM practices of adolescent school girls from an urban and a slum area in Delhi. Methods: The study included 85 and 168 girls aged 13-18 years from an urban and a slum area school of Delhi respectively. Information was gathered using a pre-designed, pre-tested and structured questionnaire with 12 questions related to the knowledge about menstruation and MHM practices. Results: 92.9% of urban and 85.7% of slum area school girls knew menstruation as a physiological process whereas 3.5% of urban school girls were unaware of the cause of menstruation compared to13.7% of the slum area school girls(p=0.01). All girls identified sanitary pads as their ideal absorbent, and 100% of the participants used them. Satisfactory cleaning practices were 31.8% in urban area verses 4.8% in slum area school girls. (p = 0.0001). 95.3% of urban and 92.8% of slum area school girls were disposing pads in routine waste. Conclusion: The study found significant differences in menstrual knowledge and MHM practices between urban and slum area school girls, with urban girls reporting comparatively better knowledge as well as MHM practices. Both the group of girls reported 100% usage of sanitary pads, but improper disposal practices need attention. Proper disposal facilities in schools are recommended to prevent environmental pollution. 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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411620EnglishN2024October30Life Sciences Vitamin D Status of Children Attending the Well Child Clinic of a Private Hospital in Yangon     English1015Phyu Phyu WinEnglish Myat Moe Thwe AungEnglish Thuza AungEnglish Introduction: Vitamin D is essential for the healthy development and maintenance of bones, particularly in childhood and adolescence. We aimed to figure out the vitamin D concentrations among children who were 4 to 15 years and came to health check-up clinics of a private hospital in Yangon. Methods: This is a retrospective record review study over 1 year which included a total of 99 well children aged 4 to15 years. We collected demographic and clinical details as well as blood samples including (25 (OH) D and alkaline phosphatase. For statistical analysis, we applied IBM SPSS 25.0. Results: Among 99 participants, 43 (43.4%) were found to have vitamin D deficiency. The average serum 25 (OH) D level among all subjects was 21.77±7.03 ng/mL, while those with deficiency had an average level of 15.53±3.32 ng/mL. Notably, a higher percentage of obese children, 10 out of 16 (62.5%) were affected with vitamin D deficiency. There was a statistically significant age difference between the vitamin D deficient group (mean age 10.07±3.16 years) and their sufficient counterparts (mean age 7.70±2.71 years). Conclusions: A significant incidence of vitamin D deficiency was detected among healthy children. It appears to escalate with age, implying an inverse relationship between age and vitamin D levels. The association between low serum 25 (OH) D and obesity in children underscores the significance of dietary pattern, lifestyle modification, and sunlight exposure in attaining optimal vitamin D levels. These measures may lessen the risk of multiple disease states related to low vitamin D. 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Ö, Yurtseven ?, Co?kunol F, Ba?er S, Çiçek D, et al. How Vitamin D Levels of Children Changed during COVID- 19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Periods. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology (JCRPE). 2022; 14(2): 188-195. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe. galenos.2022.2021-10-6 13. LeFevre ML. Screening for vitamin deficiency in adults: U.S.preventive services task force recommendation statement. AnnIntern Med. 2015; 162(2): 133–140. https://doi.org/10.7326/ M14-2450 14. Rockwell M, Kraak V, Hulver M, Epling J. Clinical Management of Low Vitamin D: A Scoping Review of Physicians’ Practices. Nutrients. 2018; 10(4): 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu10040493 15. Taylor CL, Rosen, CJ, Dwyer, JT. Considerations in Dietetic Counseling for Vitamin D. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (JAND). 2019; 119(6):901–909. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jand.2018.04.013 16. Taylor CL, Thomas, PR, Aloia JF, Millard PS, Rosen CJ. Questions about Vitamin D for Primary Care Practice: Input From an NIH Conference. Am J Med, 2015; 128(11): 1167–1170. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.05.025 17. Ogden CL, Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Guo S, Wei R, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 Growth Charts for the United States: Improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics Version. Pediatrics, 2002; 109(1): 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.1.45 18. Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK, et al. The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: WhatClinicians Need to Know. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM). 2011; 96(1): 53–58. https://doi. org/10.1210/jc.2010-2704 19. Holick MF. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18(2): 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-017- 9424-1 20. 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Prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in Korean adolescents: association with age, season and parental vitamin D status. Public Health Nutr. 2014; 17(1): 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1368980012004703 29. Absoud M, Cummins C, Lim MJ, Wassmer E, Shaw N. Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children: A Great Britain Population Based Study. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(7): e22179. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022179 30. Pekkinen M, Viljakainen H, Saarnio E, Lamberg-Allardt C, Mäkitie O. Vitamin D Is a Major Determinant of Bone Mineral Density at School Age. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7(7): e40090. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040090 31. Wacker M, Holick M. Vitamin D — Effects on Skeletal and Extra skeletal Health and the Need for Supplementation. Nutrients. 2013; 5(1): 111–148. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5010111 32. Roth DE, Martz P, Yeo R, Prosser C, Bell M, Jones AB. Are national vitamin D guidelines sufficient to maintain adequate blood levels in children? 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BMC Public Health. 2013; 13(1): 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-33 41. Khadilkar A, Kajale N, Oza C, Oke R, Gondhalekar K, Patwardhan V, et al. Vitamin D status and determinants in Indian children and adolescents: a multicentre study. Scientific Reports. 2022; 12(1): 16790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21279-0 42. Chlebna-Sokól D, Konstantynowicz J, Abramowicz P, Beata KR, Marek N, Anna O et al. Evidence of a significant vitamin D deficiency among 9-13-year-old Polish children: results of a multicentre study. Eur J Nutr. 2019; 58(5): 2029–2036. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1756-4 43. Karagüzel G, Dilber B, Çan G, Ökten A, De?er O, Holick MF. Seasonal Vitamin D Status of Healthy School children and Predictors of Low Vitamin D Status. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014; 58(5): 654–660. https://doi.org/10.1097/ MPG.0000000000000274 44. Smyczynska J, Smyczynska U, Stawerska R, Domagalska-Nalewajek H, Lewinski A, Hilczer M. et al. Seasonality of vitamin D concentrations and the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents from central Poland. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2019; 25(5): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.5114/ pedm.2019.85814 45. G El-Hajj F, Nabulsi M, Choucair M, Salamoun M, Hajj Shahine C, Kizirian A, et al. Hypovitaminosis D in healthy schoolchildren. Pediatrics. 2001; 107(4): e53. https://doi.org/10.1542/ peds.107.4.e53