Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241166EnglishN2024March30Healthcare Reliability and Validity of Kubios HRV Smart Phone Application as Measures of Heart Rate Variability     English0710Vaishali GabaniEnglish Saravanan MuruganEnglishEnglishVariability, HRV, Kubios HRV app, Office workers, Reliability and Validity, Kubios HRV software.http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4796http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4796 1. McCraty R, Shaffer F. Heart rate variability: new perspectives on physiological mechanisms, assessment of self-regulatory capacity,  and health risk. Glob Adv. Health Med. 2015; 4:46–61. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2014.073 2. Gevirtz RN, Lehrer PM. Cardiorespiratory biofeedback. 4th Ed. In: Schwartz MS, Andrasik F, editors. Biofeedback: A Practitioner’s Guide. New York: The Guilford Press. 2016: 196–213 3. Hon EH, Lee ST. Electronic evaluations of the fetal heart rate patterns preceding fetal death, further observations. Am J Obstetric Gynec. 1965; 87: 814–26 4. Lee CH, Lee JH, Jang-Won S, Kim U, Park J-S, Lee J et al. Normative Values of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Koreans and Their Clinical Value for the Prediction of Mortality. Heart Lung Circ. 2018 May; 27(5):576-587. 5. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation. 1996; 93:1043-65. 6. Sammito S, Böckelmann I. Reference Values for Time- and Frequency-Domain Heart Rate Variability Measures. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13: 1309–1316. 7. Perrotta AS, Jeklin AT, Hives BA, Meanwell LE, Warburton DER. Validity of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application for Examining Heart Rate Variability in a Field-Based Setting. J Strength cond.Res.2017; 31, 2296–2302. 8. Dobbs WC, Fedewa MV, MacDonald HV, Holmes CJ, Cicone ZS, Plews DJ et al. The Accuracy of Acquiring Heart Rate Variability from Portable Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis. Sports Med. 2019; 49: 417–435. 9. Moya-Ramon M, Mateo-March M, Pena-Gonzalez I, Zabala M, Javaloyes A. Validity and Reliability of Different Smartphones Applications to Measure HRV during Short and Ultra-Short Measurements in Elite Athletes. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 2022; 217:106696. 10. Gilgen-Ammann R, Schweitzer T, Wyss T. RR interval signal quality of a heart rate monitor and an ECG Holter at rest and during exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2019, 119, 1525–1532. 11. Schaffarczyk M, Rogers B, Reer R, Gronwald T. Validity of the Polar H10 Sensor for Heart Rate Variability Analysis during Resting State and Incremental Exercise in Recreational Men and Women. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Aug 30; 22(17):6536.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241166EnglishN2025March30Healthcare Comparison between Effect of Spinal and General Anesthesia for Caesarian Section C/S on Apgar Score     English0106Anmar Hassan HadiEnglish Alaa Hussein ObaidEnglish Introduction: The choice between spinal and general anesthesia during cesarean section can influence neonatal outcomes, particularly Apgar scores. Evidence suggests that spinal anesthesia may lead to better immediate neonatal health indicators. Aim of the Research: This study aimed to compare the effects of spinal versus general anesthesia on neonatal Apgar scores following cesarean delivery and to examine associated maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A quasi-experimental comparative study was conducted involving 50 women undergoing cesarean section, evenly assigned to either spinal or general anesthesia groups. Data were collected on maternal demographics, anesthesia procedures, and neonatal outcomes. Apgar scores were assessed at one and five minutes post-birth, and maternal and neonatal complica tions were evaluated. Results: Neonates delivered under spinal anesthesia showed significantly higher Apgar scores at both one minute (8.2 ± 1.0 vs. 7.5 ± 1.3, p < 0.01) and five minutes (9.3 ± 0.7 vs. 8.8 ± 1.1, p < 0.01) compared to those delivered under general anesthesia. Nausea and vomiting were more frequently observed in the general anesthesia group (32% vs. 12%), while hypotension was more common in the spinal anesthesia group (20% vs. 8%). Neonatal complications such as the need for resuscitation (20% vs. 8%) and NICU admission (16% vs. 4%) were also higher with general anesthesia. Multivariate analysis indicated spinal anes thesia as a significant predictor of higher Apgar scores (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.25–2.16, p < 0.01), along with gestational age (AOR = 1.05, p = 0.03). Maternal age and parity had no significant effect. Conclusion: The findings highlight the clinical advantage of spinal anesthesia in cesarean sections, as it is associated with better neonatal Apgar scores and fewer complications. Spinal anesthesia should be considered the preferred technique when appropriate to enhance both maternal and neonatal outcomes. EnglishSpinal Anesthesia, General Anesthesia, Cesarean Section, Apgar Score, Neonatal Outcomehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4845http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4845 1. Gwanzura, C., Gavi, S., Mangiza, M., Moyo, F. V., Lohman, M. C., Nhemachena, T., & Chipato, T. Effect of anesthesia ad ministration method on apgar scores of infants born to women undergoing elective cesarean section. BMC anesthesiology, 2023;23(1), 142.‏ 2. Lim, G., Facco, F. L., Nathan, N., Waters, J. H., Wong, C. A., & Eltzschig, H. K. A review of the impact of obstetric anesthesia on maternal and neonatal outcomes. 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An evaluation of the indications for caesarean sections at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital. S Afr J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;24(1):8-11. 8. The Prevalence and Indications for Caesarean Section at Kitwe Teaching Hospital in 2018. Int Res Med Health Sci. 2021;4(4):1 17. 9. Li, H. T., Hellerstein, S., Zhou, Y. B., Liu, J. M., & Blus tein, J. Trends in cesarean delivery rates in China, 2008 2018. Jama, 2020; 323(1), 89-91. ‏ 10. Geographic variations and temporal trends in cesarean delivery rates in China, 2008-2014. JAMA. 2017;317(1):69-76. 11. Shabila, N. P. Rates and trends in cesarean sections between 2008 and 2012 in Iraq. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2017; 17, 1-6. 12. Yang X, Luethy A, Zhang H, Luo Y, Xue Q, Yu B. Mechanism and development of modern general anesthetics. Curr Top Med Chem. 2019; 19(31):2842-54. 13. Ilyas, M., Butt, M. F. U., Bilal, M., Mahmood, K., Khaqan, A., & Ali Riaz, R. A review of modern control strategies for clini cal evaluation of propofol anesthesia administration employing hypnosis level regulation. BioMed research international, 2017; (1): 7432310.‏ 14. Tamunobelema, D. M. S., & Uruaka, C. I. General anaesthetic agents and their implication on the cardiovascular system: a sys tematic review. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci,2023; 9(3), 171-184.‏ 15. Magdi? Turkovi? T, Sabo G, Babi? S, Šoštari? S. Spinal anes thesia in day surgery–early experiences. Acta Clin Croat. 2022; 61(Suppl 2):160-4. 16. Novakovic SS, Cuk S, Svraka D, Milosevic D. Patient satisfac tion with general anesthesia compared to spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a multicenter observational research . Cureus. 2023 ;15(7):e38428. 17. Sekerak R, Mostafa E, Morris MT, Nessim A, Vira A, Sharan A. Comparative outcome analysis of spinal anesthesia versus gen eral anesthesia in lumbar fusion surgery. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021; 13:122-126. 18. smaiel MS. Effect of General Anesthesia On Apgar Score In Relation To Induction-Delivery and Uterine-Delivery Interval. Tikrit J Pharm Sci. 2023;9(1):134-8. 19. Tumukunde J, Lomangisi DD, Davidson O, Kintu A, Joseph E, Kwizera A. Effects of propofol versus thiopental on Apgar scores in newborns and peri-operative outcomes of women un dergoing emergency cesarean section: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2015; 15:1-6. 20. Hassen TA, Chojenta C, Egan N, Loxton D. The Association between the Five-Minute Apgar Score and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Children Aged 8-66 Months in Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(12):6450. 21. Gwanzura C, Gavi S, Mangiza M, Moyo FV, Lohman MC, Nhemachena T, Chipato T. Effect of anesthesia administration method on Apgar scores of infants born to women undergoing elective cesarean section. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023; ,23(1):142. 22. Asadollahi, K., Karimi, A., Bagheri-Hosseinabadi, Z., Rezaei, N., Mussavi, M., & Daliri, S. Investigation of the Maternal and Neonatal Factors Affecting the Apgar score of Newborns: A Case-Control Study. Journal of Pediatric Perspectives,2021 ; 9(6), 13737-13746.‏ 23. Obsa, M. S., Shanka, G. M., Menchamo, M. W., Fite, R. O., & Awol, M. A. Factors associated with Apgar score among new borns delivered by Cesarean sections at Gandhi Memorial Hos pital, Addis Ababa. Journal of pregnancy, 2020; 1, 5986269.