Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241164EnglishN2024February28Healthcare Study of Probiotic Activity of Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus on Non-Escherichia Coli Enterobacterales     English0110Azhar MMEnglish Harish Kumar KSEnglish Asalatha REnglish Rani S JayamohanEnglish Ananthu RajEnglish Anju AnilEnglish Nithyamol KuriakoseEnglish Introduction: Probiotic activity of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus was great intend to treat pathogenic organism. The antibiotic resistance problem, it is important to develop Lactobacillus based approaches to combat Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, and Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella aerogenes-induced urinary tract infections, catheter-associated infections, and intestinal tract infections in the current situation. Aim/Objectives: In this study, our goal was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus against clinical isolates of MDR, XDR, Non-MDR and ESBL strains of C. koseri, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, M. morganii, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and K. aerogenes. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility of the test strains was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activities of treated and untreated L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus against the above mentioned MDR, XDR, Non-MDR and ESBL pathogens were determined by agar overlay spot test. Mean zone of inhibition was statistically analyzed using ANOVA single factor. Results: Among L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus the mean value displayed the potent activity against most test isolates with mean zones of inhibition ranging from 4 to 15 mm and the p-value EnglishExtensively Drug Resistance, Extended spectrum ?-lactamase, Multidrug resistance, Non-multidrug resistance, Probiotics, Zone of Inhibitionhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4791http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4791 1. FAO/WHO (2002) Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. FAO/WHO, London, Ontario. 2. Lebeer S, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SC. Genes and molecules of lactobacilli supporting probiotic action. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2008 Dec; 72(4):728-64. 3. Lebeer S, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SC. Host interactions of probiotic bacterial surface molecules: comparison with commensals and pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010, Mar; 8(3):171-184. 4. Corr SC, Hill C, Gahan CG: Understanding the mechanisms by which probiotics inhibit gastrointestinal pathogens. 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CLSI Supplement M100. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2023. 12. Fleming HP, Etchells JL, Costilow RN. Microbial inhibition by an isolate of Pediococcus from cucumber brines. Appl Microbiol 1975;30(6):1040-1042. 13. Shokryazdan P, Sieo CC, Kalavathy R, Liang JB, Alitheen NB, Faseleh Jahromi M, et al. Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus strains with antimicrobial activity against some human pathogenic strains. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014:927268. 14. CLSI. Performance Standard for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests.13th ed. CLSI standard M02 Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards institute; 2018. 15. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pan drug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Mar; 18(3): 268–281. 16. 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The use of cefepime for treating AmpC ß-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2013; 57:781–788. 22. Jiménez-Guerra G, Borrego-Jiménez J, Gutiérrez-Soto B, Expósito- Ruiz M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Susceptibility evolution to antibiotics of Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella aerogenes and Citrobacter freundii involved in urinary tract infections: an 11-year epidemiological surveillance study. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2020 Apr; 166–169. 23. Mo L, Wang J, Qian J, Peng M. Antibiotic Sensitivity of Proteus mirabilis Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Urinary Calculi. Int J Clin Pract. 2022 Dec 21; 2022: 7273627. 24. Cardrici BH, Citak S. A comparison of two methods used for measuring antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria. Pakistan J. Nutrition. 2005. 4(4): 237-241. 25. Toure R, Kheadr E, Lacroix C, Moroni O, Fliss I. 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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241164EnglishN2024February28Healthcare Implementing the Who Near Miss Model to Assess Quality of Obstetric Care in a Tertiary Care Hospital     English1114Heena SamreenEnglish Nasreen NoorEnglish Nishat AkhtarEnglish Shazia ParveenEnglish Introduction: Improving maternal mortality is major challenge in health care system. Improving maternal health is one of the eight millennium development goals. WHO is currently recommending monitoring severe acute maternal morbidity or maternal near miss as a technique to evaluate the calibre of obstetric care and deploy new tactics for enhancing maternal health. Aim and Objectives: We aimed to assess the globally used WHO model to measure quality of maternal care at a tertiary care hospital JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh. Material and Methods: The hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University of Aligarh between Sep 2020 to Oct 2022. Results: Total number of live births in hospital during study period were 15420 out of which maternal near miss (MNM) were 882 and maternal death (MD) were 88. Maternal near miss to maternal death ratio was 9.9:1 and mortality index was 9.05%. Conclusion: MNM and MD cases have same underlying pathophysiology with completely different outcome. By monitoring large number of cases with MNM helps in understanding the various causes of maternal adverse events and finding out gaps in management protocols /strategies more efficiently than auditing only maternal deaths. 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Transforming health systems to improve the lives of women and children. Lancet 2005; 365: 997–1000. 7. Kongnyuy EJ, Leigh B, Broek N. Effect of audit and feedback on the availability, utilisation and quality of emergency obstetric care in three districts in Malawi. Women Birth. 2008;21:149–55 8. Gaitan-Duarte H, Rodriguez-Malagon N, Arevalo-Rodriguez I. Incidence, avoidability and impact of adverse events in obstetric services in 3 hospitals in Colombia 2006. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2009;107S2:S93–S396 9. Jahan R, Hossain MS, Shila S, Lipi L, Susan Z, Chowdhury S: Severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) in postpartum period requiring tertiary hospital care. J. Shaheed Suhrawardy Med. Coll.2018. 10. Mazhar SB, Batool A, Emanuel A, Khan AT, Bhutta S: Severe maternal outcomes and their predictors among Pakistani women in the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015,129:30 11. PSR, Verma S, Rai L, Kumar P, Pai MV, Shetty J:?Near miss obstetric events and maternal deaths in a tertiary care hospital:an audit. J Pregnancy.2013,2013:393758. 12. Verma V, Kanti V, Vishwakarma S, Gupta UK, Shree P:?Nearmiss obstetric events and maternal deaths in a rural tertiary care center in North India.Cureus.2020,12:11828. 13. Kalra P, Kachhwaha CP. Obstetric near miss morbidity and maternal mortality in a tertiary care centre in Western Rajasthan. Indian J Public Health.2014;58:199–201 14. Singh V, Barik A (January 07, 2021) Maternal Near-Miss as a Surrogate Indicator of the Quality of Obstetric Care: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India. Cureus 13(1): e12548. DOI10.7759/cureus.12548 15. Chandrakanta Prasad. Study of Maternal Near Miss in Tertiary Care Center: Prospective Observational Study in Lady Hardinge Medical College, Int. J. Inn. Res. Med Sci. Volume 07, Issue 07, July2022 16. Puri A, Yadav I, Jain N. 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