Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411516EnglishN2023August31Healthcare Importance of Questioning Occupation and Working Distance to Presbyopia Patients/Customers while Prescribing Near Addition English0102Komal NarkarEnglish Ayswarya MohapatraEnglish Suneel Kumar GuptaEnglish Pratik SharmaEnglish Gaurav DubeyEnglish Jamshed AliEnglish Shamit PalEnglish Vibha KumariEnglish Devanshi DalalEnglish Introduction: Blur vision for near objects that are gradually visible is an age-related, irreversible reduction in amplitude of accommodation leading to the condition of presbyopia. Presbyopia gets noticed at the age of 40-45 years. The mode of treatment is a convex lens of desired power as per working distance and accommodation left is prescribed to the symptomatic patients. Aim & Objective: To lessen the trouble shootings of non-adaptation to the near addition in presbyopia patients/customers caused due to lack of occupation and working distance questioning. Case Report: A 62-year-old Female patient visited Optical for a new prescription of distance as well as near power. The customer was a progressive lens wearer with a correction of RE: +0.50/-0.50*900 and LE: +0.75/-0.50*900 for distance and near addition of +2.25D with PGP VA of 6/6, N8 in both eyes. The customer was advised to continue the same distance correction and was prescribed +2.75D near addition in both eyes (N6) at a standard reading distance (40 cm). Conclusion: This study focuses on the equal importance of proper questioning of working distance as well as the occupation to the customers/patients while prescribing near addition and not solely on age and amplitude of accommodation. EnglishKey Words: Occupation, Distance, Presbyopia, Near Addition, Symptomatic Patient, Trouble Shooting, Patient Counsellinghttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4757http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4757 1. Cuiffreda KJ. Accommodation, the pupil and presbyopia. In: Benjamin WJ, editor. Borish’s Clinical Refraction. 2nd ed. Missouri, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann-Elsevier. 2006; 128–31. 2. Keirl A. Accommodation and presbyopia. In: Keirl A, Christie C, editors. Clinical Optics and Refraction. London, U. K: Butterworth- Heinemann; 2007; 137–51. [Google Scholar] 3. MacMillan ES, Elliott DB, Patel B, Cox M. Loss of visual acuity is the main reason why reading addition increases after the age of sixty. Optom Vis Sci. 2001; 78(6):381–385. 4. Bittencourt LC, Alves MR, Dantas DO, Rodrigues PF, Santos- Neto ED. An evaluation of estimation methods for determining addition in presbyopes. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2013; 76(4): 218– 220. 5. Deepu S, Evon Selina K, Saban H, Nancy P, Satheesh STS, Thomas K, et al. Prescription of near addition and its relation to accommodative reserve in presbyopia - The dichotomy between theory and practice. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 July 69(3): 1702-1706

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411516EnglishN2023August31Healthcare A Case Report of Uterine Fibroid with Broad Ligament Fibroid English0305Suvidha SaurabhEnglish Introduction: Leiomyoma is the most common tumour of the uterus. Broad ligament is the most common extrauterine site for occurrence of leiomyoma. These benign tumours in the broad ligament are usually asymptomatic but if neglected can reach to enormous size and result in chronic pelvic pain, compression of bladder, and bowel with dysfunction. Case Report: We are presenting a rare case of leiomyoma of broad ligament in a post- menopausal 45-year-old female with complaints of pain and heaviness in lower abdomen. On clinical examination, there was a 26-weeks size firm, non-tender, mobile mass extending to the umbilicus. Ultrasound pelvis showed grossly enlarged uterus with multiple fibroids in anterior and posterior myometrium, largest one seen arising from posterior myometrium. Bilateral ovaries not visualised. CT scan showed intramural uterine fibroid of about 3.4x2.6 cm in posterior uterine wall with a soft tissue mass lesion of about 20.6x18.5x9.5cm in left adnexal region extending to umbilicus possibly ovarian fibroma. Result: Enucleation of broad ligament fibroid was done along with TAH BSO. Histopathology confirmed it to be a soft tissue tumour-leiomyoma. Conclusion: Broad ligament leiomyomas mimic ovarian tumours on clinical and radiological examination and there may be difficulties in differentiating the two. Thus, histopathology plays an important role to confirm the diagnosis. Clinical Significance: We present this case because of its rarity and diagnostic difficulties it posed. EnglishLeiomyoma, Broad ligament fibroid, TAH BSO, Benign, Ureter, False broad ligament fibroidhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4758http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4758 1. Kumar P, Malhotra, N. (2008) Jeffcoate’s Principles of Gynaecology. Seventh Edition, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 492. 2. Jeffcoate N. Tumors of corpus uteri. In: Bhatla N (ed). Jeffcoate’s Principles of Gynaecology, 6th Ed. Delhi, Arnold Publication; 2001:466-497. 3. Neha G, Manisha L. A Rare Case of Giant Broad Ligament Fibroid with Cervical Fibroid Mimicking Ovarian Tumour. Int J Recent Trends Sci Technol 2014; 10:208–209. 4. Thor AD, Young RH, Clement PB. Pathology of fallopian tube, broad ligament, peritoneum and pelvic soft tissues. Hum Pathol. 1991; 22(9):856–867. DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(91)90174-N. 5. Stewart EA. Uterine Fibroids. Lancet. 2001; 357(9252):293– 298. DOI: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(00)03622-9. 6. Godbole RR, Lakshmi KS, Vasant K. Rare case of giant broad ligament fibroid with myxoid degeneration. J Sci Soc. 2012; 39(3):144–46. 7. Duhan N, Singh S, Kadian YS, Duhan U, Rajotia N, Sangwan N. Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Broad Ligament. A Case Report and Review of Literature. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2009; 279: 705-708.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411516EnglishN2023August31Life Sciences Sustainable Biofuels from Algae- Process and Methods Adapted: A Review   English0612P. Jeevana LakshmiEnglish T. SumathiEnglish S.S. Mallika PranathiEnglish S.L.S. PradeepEnglish Fossil fuels are the most important energy resources and are depleting rapidly. In specific, liquid fossil fuels are projected to diminish in next three decades. Fossil fuels are also directly related to air, water pollution and land degradation. In this scenario, biofuels from renewable sources are the best alternative to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and also help in maintenance of healthy global environment and economic sustainability. Production of biofuel from food stock, though a good alternative, is generally unacceptable and results in the competition for these resources worldwide. Biofuel production from microalgae provides a sustainable alternative along with many distinctive advantages like faster growth rate, reduction in greenhouse emissions and high lipid production. Algal oil extracted and then converted in to biodiesel through a trans-esterification process. Fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel are synthesised from the Oil extracted from the algae that is mixed with an alcohol and an acid or a base. Methanol is used as a catalyst in favouring the trans-esterification process. In conclusion, a large scale production of biodiesel from microalgal should be considered with promising prospects compared to the traditional diesel in India and its large scale cultivation should be considered. The production can be made economical by using waste water and marginal land usage of waste land for cultivation of microalgae in India. 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