Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411511EnglishN2023June23Healthcare Experience of Nurses Caring Critically Ill Patients Admitted in the ICUs of AIIMS, Jodhpur English0108Shoaib AktarEnglish Vandna PandeyEnglish Ashok KumarEnglish Introduction: Critical care nurses possess competence in caring, leadership skills, teaching skills, and consultative skills. Caring for a patient provides experience and insight which creates behaviour that guides the nurse to deal with the specific situations in a particular way. These experiences can be used as a basis for improving patient care. Much attention is being focused on the nurse’s role to assist the physician in providing care to patients; little attention is being given to the nurse’s psychological, spiritual, and emotional well-being while dealing with critically ill patients, especially the dying ones. Aims: The aim of the study was to explore the lived experiences of nurses caring for critically ill patients. Methods: Phenomenological research design was used to conduct the study. Purposive sampling was used to collect the data from 14 critical care nurses meeting the inclusion criteria. In-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted which were audio recorded. Colaizzi’s framework was used to analyse the data. The level of trustworthiness was established by using the Lincoln and Guba framework. Result: Four themes and twelve subthemes were extracted from the study: Commitment to care, an ICU nurse and their family members, Challenges for ICU nurses, and Coping mechanisms. Conclusion: The study provided more profound insights into lived experiences of nurses caring for critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. Nurses face challenges in day-to-day life while managing critically ill patients. Several factors responsible for the stress of the nurses were revealed from the statements of the participants. The findings revealed that proper utilization of resources, effective coping strategies, a good working environment, training sessions, and improved staff ratio can be necessary to provide effective and quality care to the patients. EnglishCritically ill patients, Caring, Intensive care nurse, Lived experiences, Death and dying, Intensive care unithttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4743http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4743 1. Holms N, Milligan S, Kydd A. A study of the lived experiences of registered nurses who have provided end-of-life care within an intensive care unit. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2014;20(11):549–56. 2. Kisorio LC, Langley GC. Intensive care nurses’ experiences of end-of-life care. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2016;33:30–8. 3. King PA, Thomas SP. Phenomenological Study of ICU Nurses’ Experiences Caring for Dying Patients. West J Nurs Res. 2013;35(10):1292–308. 4. Borhani F, Hosseini SH, Abbaszadeh A. Commitment to care: A qualitative study of intensive care nurses’ perspectives of end-oflife care in an Islamic context. Int Nurs Rev. 2014;61(1):140–7. 5. Baker T. Critical care in low-income countries. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14(2):143–8. 6. Dünser MW, Baelani I, Ganbold L. A review and analysis of intensive care medicine in the least developed countries. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(4):1234–42. 7. Davies B, Clarke D, Connaughty S, Cook K, MacKenzie B, Mc- Cormick J, et al. Caring for dying children: nurses’ experiences. Pediatr Nurs. 22(6):500–7. 8. Monks J, Flynn M. Care, compassion and competence in critical care: A qualitative exploration of nurses’ experience of family witnessed resuscitation. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2014;30(6):353–9. 9. Andersson EK, Willman A, Sjöström-Strand A, Borglin G. Registered nurses’ descriptions of caring: A phenomenographic interview study. BMC Nurs. 2015;14(1):1–10. 10. Urden LD SLM. Critical care nursing: Diagnosis and management. 6th editio. St Louis: Mosby; 2010. 11. Dobratz MC. The Pattern of the Becoming-Self in Death and Dying. Nurs Sci Q. 2002 Apr;15(2):137–42. 12. Blegen MA, Goode CJ, Park SH, Vaughn T, Spetz J. Baccalaureate education in nursing and patient outcomes. J Nurs Adm. 2013;43(2):89–94. 13. Yang MH, Mcilfatrick S. Intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for dying patients: a phenomenological study. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2001;7(9):435–41. 14. D. F., Beck CT. Trustworthiness and Integrity in Qualitative Research. In: Polit, Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Tenth edit. New Delhi; Wolters Kluwer Health; 2017. p 559-560,562. 15. D F, Beck CT Qualitative Data Analysis In: Polit, Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice Tenth edit New Delhi; Wolters Kluwer Health; 2017 p 539-41. 16. Farnell S, Dawson D. “It’s not like the wards”. Experiences of nurses new to critical care: A qualitative study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43(3):319–31. 17. Alzghoul MM. The experience of nurses working with trauma patients in critical care and emergency settings: A qualitative study from Scottish nurses’ perspective. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 2014;18(1):13–22. 18. Bailey S. Levels of empathy of critical care nurses. Aust Crit Care. 1996;9(4):121–7. 19. Johan S, Sarwar H, Majeed I. To Identify the Causes of Stress among Nurses Working in Intensive Care Unit of Ittefaq Hospital Lahore. Int J Soc Sci Manag. 2017;4(2):96. 20. Apos O, Kane CE. Newly qualified nurses experiences in the intensive care unit. Nurs Crit Care. 2012;17(1):44–51. 21. Limbu S, Kongsuwan W, Yodchai K. Lived experiences of intensive care nurses in caring for critically ill patients. Nurs Crit Care. 2018;24(1):9–14. 22. Laila SA, Ahmedz NT, Mogaheda MM. Nurses’ Perception Regarding the Use of Technological Equipment in the Critical Care Units. J Am Sci. 2011;7(10):390–7. 23. Hinderer KA. Reactions to patient death: The lived experience of critical care nurses. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2012;31(4):252–9. 24. Valiee S, Nasrabadi H, Nasrabadi AN. Critical care nurses’ perception of nursing error and its causes: A qualitative study. Contemp Nurse. 2014;46(2):206–13. 25. Shorter M, Stayt LC. Critical care nurses’ experiences of grief in an adult intensive care unit. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(1):159–67. 26. Calvin AO, Lindy CM, Clingon SL. The cardiovascular intensive care unit nurse’s experience with end-of-life care: A qualitative descriptive study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2009;25(4):214–20.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411511EnglishN2023June23Healthcare Assessment of Mental Health Literacy among Adolescents of an Urban Slum in Delhi     English0916Alam AyeshaEnglish ZaidiIlhamEnglish Chaudhary ShikharEnglish Anjum SahifaEnglish Panda SalineeEnglish Introduction: By the age of 14 years, approximately half of the mental disorders set in, and the burden of mental health disorders is higher among those living in urban areas and belonging to poor socio-economic strata. Hence, the aim was to assess Mental Health Literacy, which includes recognition, help seeking and its barrier, first aid intention beliefs about prevention strategies, causes, treatment, stigmatizing attitudes, and social distance related to mental health. Methodology: A cross-sectional vignette-based study was conducted among late adolescents (15-19 years). The self-administeredvignette-based questionnaire was used and vignettes were randomized among participants. MHL components such as recognition, help-seeking,barrier, first aid intentions, beliefs about prevention, causes, and treatment outcome along with stigma and social distancing related to mental disorders were measured. Correct labelling of the disorder was taken as the outcome of the study and multivariable regression was done. Result: Of the 182 respondents, the percentage of mental health literacy among the respondents was very low, only 21.88% identified depression, and 1.16% identified schizophrenia. Study findings indicate that adolescents prefer to reach out more to informal sources such as close family members (42% overall). Adolescents had positive attitudes regarding most of the prevention strategies but beliefs about causes, treatment, and stigma were mostly negative. Household per month income and help seeking were found to be associated with correct recognition of the disorder. Conclusion: There is a need to develop MHL among adolescents as well as among their parents as they are the preferred source of help seeking. Also school-based health literacy programs, public awareness using IEC materials and specifically targeted advocacy should be strengthened to decrease taboo and stigma among society and to reduce the treatment gap. EnglishAdolescents, Behavior, Mental Health Literacy, Mental health, Stigma, Vignettehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4744http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4744 1. Adolescents and mental health. World health Organisation. 2019 [cited 20 February 2020]. URL http://www.who.int/maternal_ child_adolescent/topics/adolescence/mental_health/en. 2. Chadda RK.Youth & mental health: Challenges ahead. Indian J Med Res. 2018 Oct; 148(4):359-361. 3. Gururaj G, Varghese M, Benegal V, Rao GN, Pathak K, Singh LK. National Mental Health Survey of India, 2015–16 (NIMHANS, editor). NIMHANS Publication, Bengaluru. 2016. [cited 20 February 2020]. https://main.mohfw.gov.in 4. Track 2: Health literacy and health behaviour.7th Global Conference on Health Promotion: Track themes. World health Organisation.[ cited 20 February 2020]. URL https://www.who.int/ healthpromotion/conferences/7gchp/track2/en. 5. Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Christensen H, Rodgers B, Pollitt P. “Mental health literacy”: a survey of the public’s ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment. Medical Journal of Australia. 1997 Feb; 166(4):182-6. 6. Ogorchukwu JM, Sekaran VC, Nair S, Ashok L. Mental health literacy among late adolescents in South India: What they know and what attitudes drive them.Indian J Psychol Med. 2016 May; 38(3):234-41. 7. Jorm AF. Mental health literacy: empowering the community to take action for better mental health. Am Psychol. 2012 Apr;  67(3):231. 8. Burns JR, Rapee RM. Adolescent mental health literacy: young people’s knowledge of depression and help seeking. J Adolesc. 2006 Apr 1; 29(2):225-39. 9. Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H. Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help seeking in young people: a systematic review. BMC psychiatry. 2010 Dec; 10(1):1-9. 10. Singh S, Zaki RA, Farid ND. A systematic review of depression literacy: Knowledge, help-seeking and stigmatising attitudes among adolescents. J Adolesc. 2019 Jul 1; 74:154-72. 11. Reavley NJ, Jorm AF. Recognition of mental disorders and beliefs about treatment and outcome: findings from an Australian national survey of mental health literacy and stigma. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011 Nov; 45(11):947-56.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411511EnglishN2023June23Healthcare Arch of Colors in Anatomic Pathology-Are They Most Significant in Inking of Surgical Margins?     English1721Sonti SulochanaEnglish Princy MounikaEnglish Jalavadi Rahul SiddarthaEnglish MuthusubramanianEnglish N.V Subash KolappanEnglish Introduction: In surgical pathology various colours are used as a surgical ink margins. The pathologists are known of the various advantages that colored inks contribute to anatomic pathology practice. The margins of each excised gross specimen colouring with different colours, add correctness to margin examination. It showed a three-dimensional microscopic restoration of features of the tumor and also anatomic structures. The use of multiple colours are orientation of grossed and dissected specimens, to re-examine the grossed specimen by the pathologist , if required, and if necessary further sampling of the specimen and also allow the postoperative comparison of tissue planes anticipated by preoperative imaging. Aim and Objective: A comparative study between Mashi(Indian Ink) and acrylic colors used as a surgical ink margin Materials and Methods: The study was done on 350 surgically excised medium, large and formalin-fix specimens. The surgical margins of each specimen were marked with Indian ink and five acrylic colors. The grossed specimens were then processed using routine histopathology techniques and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain(H&E). The macroscopic and microscopic parameters were used to study the suitability of acrylic colors and Indian Ink (mashi) as surgical ink for margins. Results: The study noticed specific shades of acrylic colors that are easily available and simple to use, with good results on macroscopic and microscopic examination. Conclusion: Colored inks impart accuracy to margin examination. Acrylic colors are more suitable as surgical ink over Indian. Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4745http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4745 1. Tampi C. In search of the rainbow: Colored inks in surgical pathology. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. Apr-Jun 2012; 55(2):154-7 2. Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S, Mahajan P, Anand R, Patil A. Comparative Study of Acrylic Color and India ink for their use as a surgical margin inks in oral squamous cell carcinoma. World J Dent 2015; 6 (1):26-30. 3. Shinde V, Phelan C, Gater W, Thomas J. Inking a specimen without the mess. J Clin Pathol. July 2008; 61(6):783. 4. Chiam HW, Maslen PG, Hoffman GJ. Marking the surgical margins of specimens: Commercial acrylic pigments are reliable, rapid and safe. Pathology. 2003 Jun; 35(3):204-6. 5. Paterson DA, Davies JD. Marking planes of surgical excision on breast biopsy specimens: Use of artists’ pigments suspended in acetone. J Clin Pathol. 1988 Sep; 41(9):1013-6. 6. Ranjan R, Singh L, Arava SK, Singh MK. Margins in skin excision biopsies: Principles and guidelines. Indian J Dermatol. 2014 Nov;59(6):567-70. 7. Parkinson AB, Cannon CR, Hayne ST. Colour coding surgical margins with the Davidson marking system. J Histotechnol. 1990; 13:293–294. 8. Westra WH, Hruban RH, Phelps TH, Isacson C. Surgical pathology dissection: An illustrated guide. Chapter 1, General approach to surgical pathology specimens; 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2003. p. 2-13. 9. Williams AS, Dakin Haché K. Variable fidelity of tissue-marking dyes in surgical pathology. Histopathology. 20 Jan 2014, 64(6):896-900. 10. Wong JW, Bai H, Abdul-Karim FW, Maclennan GT. Simulation of micro calcifications on specimen radiographs of breast biopsies by inks used in marking the surgical resection margins. Breast Journal. Sep-Oct 2004;10(5):423-6. 11. Williams AS, Hache KD. Recognition and discrimination of tissue markingdye color by surgical pathologists recommendations to avoid errors in margin assessment. Am J Clin Pathol. 01 Sep 2014; 142(3):355-361. 12. Oscar C, Scalarone D, Learner T. Characterization of Artists’ Acrylic Emulsion Paints. Int J Polymer Anal Char 2003; 8:67-82.